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arXiv 2407.09339astro-ph.HE
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中等质量黑洞周围恒星潮汐瓦解事件的发生率

Rates of Stellar Tidal Disruption Events around Intermediate-Mass Black Holes

Janet N. Y. Chang, Lixin Dai, Hugo Pfister, Rudrani Kar Chowdhury, Priyamvada Natarajan

AI总结:

本研究基于黑洞质量和宿主星系恒星轮廓精确计算中等质量黑洞的潮汐瓦解事件发生率,发现其随黑洞质量增加而增加,且体积发生率在10^6 M处达到峰值,并指出此类事件多发生在针孔机制下。

摘要:

恒星潮汐瓦解事件(TDEs)在超大质量黑洞(SMBHs)周围的发生率已通过损失锥理论得到广泛计算,而围绕中等质量黑洞(IMBHs)的TDEs发生率的理论研究则一直缺乏。在本工作中,我们旨在基于其黑洞(BH)质量以及从最新观测获得的宿主星系恒星轮廓,精确计算IMBH的TDEs发生率。我们发现,小星系中心的IMBHs的每个星系TDE发生率与SMBH TDEs相似,而球状星团中IMBHs的每个星团TDE发生率则低得多。非常有趣的是,我们表明IMBH TDEs的发生率通常随BH质量增加而增加,这与SMBH TDEs中观察到的趋势相反。因此,体积TDE发生率在BH质量约为10^6 M处达到峰值。来自星系核的IMBH TDEs具有与SMBH TDEs相当的总体积发生率,约为10^-7 Mpc^-3 yr^-1,而来自球状星团的偏心IMBH TDEs的体积发生率则低一到两个数量级,假设其占据比例在10%-100%之间变化。此外,我们报告IMBH TDEs通常发生在针孔机制中,这意味着与SMBH TDEs相比,IMBH TDEs更可能发生深度潜入事件。

英文摘要:

Rates of stellar tidal disruption events (TDEs) around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) have been extensively calculated using the loss cone theory, while theoretical work on TDE rates around intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) has been lacking. In this work, we aim to accurately calculate the IMBH TDE rates based on their black hole (BH) masses and the stellar profiles of their host galaxies obtained from the latest observations. We find that the TDE rate per galaxy for IMBHs in the center of small galaxies is similar to that of SMBH TDEs, while the TDE rate per cluster from IMBHs in globular clusters is much lower. Very interestingly, we show that the rate of IMBH TDEs generally increases with the BH mass, which is opposite to the trend seen in SMBH TDEs. As a result, the volumetric TDE rate peaks around a BH mass of 10^6 M. The IMBH TDEs from galactic nuclei have an overall volumetric rate comparable to SMBH TDEs at ~10^-7 Mpc^-3 yr^-1, and off-center IMBH TDEs from globular clusters have a volumetric rate that is one or two orders of magnitude lower, assuming that their occupation fraction varies within 10%-100%. Furthermore, we report that IMBH TDEs typically occur in the pinhole regime, which means that deeply plunging events are more likely for IMBH TDEs compared to SMBH TDEs.

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