Photonic Ising Machines constitute an emergent new paradigm of computation, geared towards tackling combinatorial optimization problems that can be reduced to the problem of finding the ground state of an Ising model. Spatial Photonic Ising Machines have proven to be advantageous for simulating fully connected large-scale spin systems. However, fine control of a general interaction matrix $J$ has so far only been accomplished through eigenvalue decomposition methods that either limit the scalability or increase the execution time of the optimization process. We introduce and experimentally validate a SPIM instance that enables direct control over the full interaction matrix, enabling the encoding of Ising Hamiltonians with arbitrary couplings and connectivity. We demonstrate the conformity of the experimentally measured Ising energy with the theoretically expected values and then proceed to solve both the unweighted and weighted graph partitioning problems, showcasing a systematic convergence to an optimal solution via simulated annealing. Our approach greatly expands the applicability of SPIMs for real-world applications without sacrificing any of the inherent advantages of the system, and paves the way to encoding the full range of NP problems that are known to be equivalent to Ising models, on SPIM devices.
Optical Implementation of Equilibrium Propagation Using Spatial Photonic Ising Machines
Laboratoire d’Information Quantique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)（量子信息实验室，布鲁塞尔自由大学）；Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma（物理学系，萨皮恩扎罗马大学）
Incorporating rank-free coupling and external field via an incoherent modulated spatial photonic Ising machine
State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications（光子与通信国家重点实验室）；Institute for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing（量子传感与信息处理研究所）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；Hefei National Laboratory（合肥国家实验室）；Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences（上海量子科学研究中心）
Efficient Computation Using Spatial-Photonic Ising Machines: Utilizing Low-Rank and Circulant Matrix Constraints
University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Weizmann Institute of Science（魏茨曼科学研究所）；QUBITECH（QUBITECH公司）；UBITECH ltd（UBITECH有限公司）；University Sapienza（萨皮恩扎大学）；Research Center Enrico Fermi（恩里科·费米研究中心）；Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR)（国家研究委员会复杂系统研究所）
Precision Hamiltonian Encoding in Full-Aperture Spatial Photonic Ising Machines
Westlake University（西湖大学）；FORTH-QuTech；University of Crete（克里特大学）；Sapienza University（罗马第一大学）；Institute for Complex Systems, National Research Council (ISC-CNR)（国家研究委员会复杂系统研究所）；QUBITECH；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）
Milkshake Technology Inc.（Milkshake科技有限公司）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）；Optics and Photonics Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi（印度德里理工学院光学与光子学中心）；Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学电子工程学系）
STEPIC: High-Speed Imaging via Spatio-Temporal Encoding in Photonic Integrated Circuits
Politecnico di Milano（米兰理工大学）；Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche（意大利国家研究委员会光子与纳米技术研究所）；Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano（米兰国立肿瘤研究所IRCCS基金会）；University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Istituto di calcolo e reti ad alte prestazioni, Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche（意大利国家研究委员会高性能计算与网络研究所）；SiRIUS Institute of Medical Research, Tohoku University（东北大学SiRIUS医学研究所）；Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University（东北大学研究生院医学研究科）；International Centre for Synchrotron Radiation Innovation Smart, Tohoku University（东北大学同步辐射创新智能国际中心）；Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University（武汉大学技术创新学院）；Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校生物工程系）
Accelerating ground state search of spatial photonic Ising machines with genetic-simulated annealing hybrid algorithm
Institute for Quantum Sensing and Information Processing（量子传感与信息处理研究所）；State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications（光子与通信国家重点实验室）；Global College（全球学院）；Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences（上海量子科学研究中心）；Hefei National Laboratory（合肥国家实验室）；Shanghai Quantum Intelligence Sensing Technology Co., Ltd（上海量子智能感知技术有限公司）
State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, School of Information and Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学信息电子工程学院光子与通信国家重点实验室）；School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University（四川大学航空航天学院）；College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University（浙江大学信息与电子工程学院）；Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学工程系）；Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University（阿尔托大学电子与纳米工程系）
An Exact Polynomial Task-Risk Bridge for Time-Multiplexed Photonic Quantum Reservoirs
School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院）；School of Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学集成电路学院）
Quantum Phase Transitions in Coherent Ising Machines: XY Model for Demonstration
School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学物理与天文学院）；Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics (Beijing Normal University), Ministry of Education（教育部多尺度自旋物理重点实验室（北京师范大学））
