纳米光子相控阵XY哈密顿量求解器
Nanophotonic Phased Array XY Hamiltonian Solver
AI总结：
针对现有计算机求解大规模NP难优化问题的瓶颈，提出基于紧凑型硅光子集成电路光学相控阵的纳米光子XY哈密顿量求解器，用模拟移相器实现连续自旋，通过远场图案对应全连接哈密顿量能量实现优化，兼具紧凑、低功耗、高速优势，为混合光电非冯·诺依曼计算引擎提供支撑。
摘要：
利用现有计算机求解大规模计算困难的优化问题已遭遇瓶颈。一种颇具前景的替代方案是利用基于物理的现象自然求解优化问题，这类问题中物理现象会演化至其最低能量状态。在这一方向上，光子器件凭借光域内的高速、高带宽与并行性优势，已展现出作为替代优化架构的潜力。在光子器件中，可编程空间光调制器（SLMs）在求解大规模伊辛模型问题方面已显现前景，许多计算困难问题都可映射到伊辛模型上。尽管已取得诸多进展，现有用于求解伊辛模型及类似问题的空间光调制器仍存在更新速率慢、物理体积大的缺陷。本文中，我们展示了利用紧凑型硅光子集成电路光学相控阵（PIC-OPA），可模拟XY哈密顿量——伊辛哈密顿量的一种推广形式，其中自旋可连续变化。在这款纳米光子XY哈密顿量求解器中，自旋通过光学相控阵中的模拟移相器实现。PIC-OPA的远场强度图案代表全连接的XY哈密顿量能量，可通过可调谐移相器进行优化，从而使我们能够求解全连接XY模型。我们的研究结果表明，PIC-OPA可作为紧凑型、低功耗、高速的求解器，用于求解非确定性多项式（NP）困难问题。硅基PIC-OPA的可扩展性及其与CMOS电子器件单片集成的兼容性，进一步为实现功能强大的混合光子/电子非冯·诺依曼计算引擎带来了希望。
英文摘要：
Solving large-scale computationally hard optimization problems using existing computers has hit a bottleneck. A promising alternative approach uses physics-based phenomena to naturally solve optimization problems wherein the physical phenomena evolves to its minimum energy. In this regard, photonics devices have shown promise as alternative optimization architectures, benefiting from high-speed, high-bandwidth and parallelism in the optical domain. Among photonic devices, programmable spatial light modulators (SLMs) have shown promise in solving large scale Ising model problems to which many computationally hard problems can be mapped. Despite much progress, existing SLMs for solving the Ising model and similar problems suffer from slow update rates and physical bulkiness. Here, we show that using a compact silicon photonic integrated circuit optical phased array (PIC-OPA) we can simulate an XY Hamiltonian, a generalized form of Ising Hamiltonian, where spins can vary continuously. In this nanophotonic XY Hamiltonian solver, the spins are implemented using analog phase shifters in the optical phased array. The far field intensity pattern of the PIC-OPA represents an all-to-all coupled XY Hamiltonian energy and can be optimized with the tunable phase-shifters allowing us to solve an all-to-all coupled XY model. Our results show the utility of PIC-OPAs as compact, low power, and high-speed solvers for nondeterministic polynomial (NP)-hard problems. The scalability of the silicon PIC-OPA and its compatibility with monolithic integration with CMOS electronics further promises the realization of a powerful hybrid photonic/electronic non-Von Neumann compute engine.
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