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arXiv 2407.04775astro-ph.SRastro-ph.GAastro-ph.IM
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首个疏散星团中候选白矮星-主序星双星系统星表:开启共同包层演化的新窗口

The first catalog of candidate white dwarf-main sequence binaries in open star clusters: A new window into common envelope evolution

Steffani M. Grondin, Maria R. Drout, Jason Nordhaus, Philip S. Muirhead, Joshua S. Speagle, Ryan Chornock

AI总结:

本研究首次在299个疏散星团中系统搜寻白矮星-主序星双星,利用机器学习结合多波段数据识别出52个高概率候选体,为共同包层演化提供了观测基准。

摘要:

密近双星系统是Ia型超新星以及可通过引力波探测到的致密天体并合的前身。要实现具有较小轨道间距的双星系统,一般认为该系统可能经历共同包层(CE)演化。尽管其重要性显著,但由于计算挑战以及缺乏同时已知包层后(post-CE)与包层前(pre-CE)条件的观测基准,共同包层演化可能是双星演化中最大的不确定性来源之一。在星团中识别包层后系统可部分规避第二个问题,因为星团能为系统提供独立的年龄约束。我们首次在299个银河系疏散星团中系统搜寻白矮星(WD)与主序星(MS)双星系统。通过将Gaia DR3测光和运动学数据与Pan-STARRS1和2MASS的多波段测光相结合,我们采用基于机器学习的方法,在38个疏散星团中找到了52个高概率候选体。对于其中一部分系统,我们展示了来自Gemini和Lick天文台的后续光谱观测,以及来自TESS、Kepler/K2和Zwicky瞬态设施的存档光变曲线。光谱观测发现了具有热伴星的M矮星实例,并伴随有规律的系统变异性。虽然我们候选体的运动学特征与其宿主星团一致,但部分系统的空间位置相对于宿主星团存在偏移,这可能表明存在诞生时的速度冲撞(natal kicks)。最终,本星表是获得一组观测基准以更好地将包层后系统与其包层前前身联系起来的第一步。

英文摘要:

Close binary systems are the progenitors to both Type Ia supernovae and the compact object mergers that can be detected via gravitational waves. To achieve a binary with a small radial separation, it is believed that the system likely undergoes common envelope (CE) evolution. Despite its importance, CE evolution may be one of the largest uncertainties in binary evolution due to a combination of computational challenges and a lack of observed benchmarks where both the post-CE and pre-CE conditions are known. Identifying post-CE systems in star clusters can partially circumvent this second issue by providing an independent age constraint on the system. For the first time, we conduct a systematic search for white dwarf (WD) and main-sequence (MS) binary systems in 299 Milky Way open star clusters. Coupling Gaia DR3 photometry and kinematics with multi-band photometry from Pan-STARRS1 and 2MASS, we apply a machine learning based approach and find 52 high-probability candidates in 38 open clusters. For a subset of our systems, we present follow-up spectroscopy from the Gemini and Lick Observatories and archival light curves from TESS, Kepler/K2 and the Zwicky Transient Facility. Examples of M-dwarfs with hot companions are spectroscopically observed, along with regular system variability. While the kinematics of our candidates are consistent with their host clusters, some systems have spatial positions offset relative to their hosts, potentially indicative of natal kicks. Ultimately, this catalogue is a first step to obtaining a set of observational benchmarks to better link post-CE systems to their pre-CE progenitors.

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