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arXiv 2407.04684astro-ph.HE
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潮汐瓦解事件 AT2021ehb 中黑洞质量与吸积盘可能存在的风外流研究

Investigating the Mass of the Black Hole and Possible Wind Outflow of the Accretion Disk in the Tidal Disruption Event AT2021ehb

Xin Xiang, Jon M. Miller, Abderahmen Zoghbi, Mark T. Reynolds, David Bogensberger, Lixin Dai, Paul A. Draghis, Jeremy J. Drake, Olivier Godet, Jimmy A. Irwin, M… 展开作者

Xin Xiang, Jon M. Miller, Abderahmen Zoghbi, Mark T. Reynolds, David Bogensberger, Lixin Dai, Paul A. Draghis, Jeremy J. Drake, Olivier Godet, Jimmy A. Irwin, Michael C. Miller, Brenna E. Mockler, Richard Saxton, Natalie Webb

AI总结:

本文利用 XMM-Newton 观测潮汐瓦解事件 AT2021ehb,通过双盘模型估计黑洞质量约为 $10^{5.5} M_{\odot}$,并发现可能存在速度达 0.2c 的超快外流,为探测低质量黑洞和超爱丁顿吸积外流提供了新证据。

摘要:

潮汐瓦解事件(TDEs)有可能探测宿主星系中可能不遵循核球或恒星速度弥散关系的低质量黑洞。至少在初期,TDEs 还能揭示超爱丁顿吸积。X 射线光谱学有可能约束黑洞质量,并揭示与超爱丁顿吸积相关的电离外流。我们对 AT2021ehb 在瓦解后约 300 天的 XMM-Newton X 射线观测进行分析,结果显示其光谱较软,并可用多色盘黑体与幂律成分的组合进行拟合。利用两个性质适合 TDEs 的独立盘模型,我们估计黑洞质量为 $M \simeq 10^{5.5}~M_{\odot}$,表明 AT2021ehb 可能揭示了核区黑洞族群中难以捉摸的低质量端。这些模型提供了简单而稳健的表征;并不需要更复杂的模型,但在中等灵敏度数据的限制下,更复杂模型可提供重要背景和注意事项。若包含盘反射,盘通量会降低,推断的黑洞质量将高出约 0.35 dex。简单的风公式意味着存在速度极快、$v_{\mathrm{out}} = -0.2~c$ 的外流,并无需盘连续谱成分。假设填充因子为 1,这样的风意味着瞬时质量外流率为 $\dot{M} \simeq 5~M_{\odot}~{\rm yr}^{-1}$。如此高的外流率表明,超快外流(UFO)的填充因子必定极低,且/或 UFO 阶段是短暂的。我们讨论了该分析的优点与局限,以及未来对 TDEs 进行观测的途径。

英文摘要:

Tidal disruption events (TDEs) can potentially probe low-mass black holes in host galaxies that might not adhere to bulge or stellar-dispersion relationships. At least initially, TDEs can also reveal super-Eddington accretion. X-ray spectroscopy can potentially constrain black hole masses, and reveal ionized outflows associated with super-Eddington accretion. Our analysis of XMM-Newton X-ray observations of the TDE AT2021ehb, around 300 days post-disruption, reveals a soft spectrum and can be fit with a combination of multi-color disk blackbody and power-law components. Using two independent disk models with properties suited to TDEs, we estimate a black hole mass at $M \simeq 10^{5.5}~M_{\odot}$, indicating AT2021ehb may expose the elusive low-mass end of the nuclear black hole population. These models offer simple yet robust characterization; more complicated models are not required, but provide important context and caveats in the limit of moderately sensitive data. If disk reflection is included, the disk flux is lower and inferred black hole masses are $\sim$ 0.35 dex higher. Simple wind formulations imply an extremely fast $v_{\mathrm{out}} = -0.2~c$ outflow and obviate a disk continuum component. Assuming a unity filling factor, such a wind implies an instantaneous mass outflow rate of $\dot{M} \simeq 5~M_{\odot}~{\rm yr}^{-1}$. Such a high rate suggests that the filling factor for the Ultra Fast Outflow (UFO) must be extremely low, and/or the UFO phase is ephemeral. We discuss the strengths and limitations of our analysis and avenues for future observations of TDEs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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