迈向一种先天的细胞环境纳米温度计
Towards an Innate Cell-Environment Nanothermometer
AI总结：
本文提出一种将血清蛋白直接转化为细胞外纳米温度计的方法，并结合金纳米棒增强温度敏感性，同时展示其破坏质膜并诱导细胞死亡的潜力，为光动力治疗开辟新途径。
摘要：
根据PubMed数据库，约有260篇手稿描述了纳米温度计。这些研究文章详细介绍了细胞内纳米温度计的合成、性能和应用。这种在细胞内的普遍应用源于细胞内区室对于理解细胞代谢和疾病治疗具有的重要意义、复杂性和实用性。然而，近年来，细胞的细胞外环境已成为医学中的一个关键因素，特别是在热疗和免疫治疗中。尽管如此，我们在文献中尚未看到描述用于细胞外温度测量的纳米温度计的利用或性能的证据。这一疏忽不仅忽视了测量细胞外温度的潜力，而且未能解决细胞的细胞外环境问题。在此，我们介绍一种专门设计用于测量细胞外温度的纳米温度计，通过将血清蛋白直接转化为纳米温度计（未经修饰或用临床批准的染料荧光素标记）。此外，利用这些纳米温度计的细胞外定位，我们展示了（1）通过将它们与金纳米棒结合来增强其温度敏感性，以及（2）它们产生损伤并破坏质膜的能力，从而为其用作光动力治疗剂开辟了道路。我们坚信，这些进展不仅代表了纳米测温技术应用范围的拓宽，而且是展示纳米温度计诱导细胞死亡能力的开创性一步。
英文摘要：
Based on the PubMed database, there are around 260 manuscripts describing nanothermometers. These research articles detail the synthesis, performance, and application of intracellular nanothermometers. This intracellular prevalence is due to the significant importance, complexity, and utility of the intracellular compartments for understanding cell metabolism and disease treatment. However, in recent years, the extracellular environment of the cell has emerged as a crucial factor in medicine, particularly in hyperthermia and immunotherapy. Despite this, we have not seen evidence in the literature describing the utilization or performance of a nanothermometer designed for extracellular temperature measurements. This oversight not only neglects the potential for measuring extracellular temperature but also fails to address the extracellular environment of the cell. Here, we introduce a nanothermometer designed specifically for measuring extracellular temperature by directly converting serum proteins into nanothermometers (either unmodified or labeled with the clinically approved dye Fluorescein). Additionally, leveraging the extracellular localization of these nanothermometers, we demonstrate (1) the enhancement of their temperature sensitivity by combining them with gold nanorods, and (2) their capability to generate damage and disrupt the plasma membrane, thus opening the door to their use as photodynamic therapy agents. We firmly believe that these advancements represent not only a broadening of the applications of nanothermometry but also a pioneering step in showcasing the ability of nanothermometers to induce cell death.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
