开放量子系统中热过程的不对称性
Asymmetries of thermal processes in open quantum systems
AI总结：
本文研究开放量子系统弛豫到热平衡时加热与冷却路径的不对称性，基于信息几何的热运动学理论，通过二能级系统、谐振子和量子布朗粒子三个例子证明在适当条件下加热比冷却更快，并利用刘维尔算符谱分解给出一般性解释。
摘要：
非平衡量子热力学中一个引人入胜的现象是热过程的不对称性。弛豫到热平衡是最重要的耗散过程，它是设计热机和制冷机的关键概念，有助于研究热力学的基础问题，并通过算法冷却过程与量子计算相关。尽管这些过程很重要，但它们的动力学远未被理解。我们表明，自由弛豫到热平衡遵循本质上不同的路径，这取决于它涉及系统温度升高还是降低。我们的理论使用最近基于信息几何理论发展的热运动学来举例说明，利用三个典型例子：一个二能级系统、量子谐振子和一个被捕获的量子布朗粒子，在所有情况下都表明在适当条件下加热比冷却更快。基于刘维尔算符的谱分解和互反过程的谱隙，获得了一般性理解。
英文摘要：
An intriguing phenomenon in non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics is the asymmetry of thermal processes. Relaxation to thermal equilibrium is the most important dissipative process, being a key concept for the design of heat engines and refrigerators, contributing to the study of foundational questions of thermodynamics, and being relevant for quantum computing through the process of algorithmic cooling. Despite their importance, the dynamics of these processes are far from being understood. We show that the free relaxation to thermal equilibrium follows intrinsically different paths depending on whether it involves the temperature of the system to increase or to decrease. Our theory is exemplified using the recently developed thermal kinematics based on information geometry theory, utilizing three prototypical examples: a two-level system, the quantum harmonic oscillator, and a trapped quantum Brownian particle, in all cases showing faster heating than cooling under the appropriate conditions. A general understanding is obtained based on the spectral decomposition of the Liouvillian and the spectral gap of reciprocal processes.
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