James Webb Space Telescope(JWST,詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜)对 z≳4 宇宙的观测表明,与活动星系核的局域相关关系相比,大质量黑洞(MBH)显得极端超重。在某些情况下,这些天体甚至可能达到所推断星系恒星质量的一半。因此,理解这类天体如何形成并增长到这样的质量,已成为理论模型面临的一大挑战;相关想法从重种子到超爱丁顿吸积阶段不等。在这里,我们采用一种不同的方法,试图推断这些 MBH 质量估计的准确程度,以及我们是否真的需要修改物理模型。通过考虑一个正在吸积的 MBH 在接近和超过爱丁顿极限时,其出射光谱(包括连续谱和宽线)如何变化,我们推断,与局域对应体相比,MBH 质量估计存在大得多的不确定性,最高可达一个数量级,并且可能倾向于更低的质量和更高的吸积率;这 i)使它们更接近局域相关关系,ii)可能表明我们正在首次目睹一个广泛存在的极快速吸积阶段。
英文摘要:
Observations by the James Webb Space Telescope of the Universe at $z\gtrsim 4$ have shown that massive black holes (MBHs) appear extremely overmassive compared to the local correlation for active galactic nuclei. In some cases, these objects might even reach half the stellar mass inferred for the galaxy. Understanding how such objects formed and grew to this masses has then become a big challenge for theoretical models, with different ideas ranging from heavy seed to super-Eddington accretion phases. Here, we take a different approach, and try to infer how accurate these MBH mass estimates are and whether we really need to revise our physical models. By considering how the emerging spectrum (both the continuum and the broad lines) of an accreting MBH changes close to and above the Eddington limit, we infer a much larger uncertainty in the MBH mass estimates relative to that of local counterparts, up to an order of magnitude, and a potential preference for lower masses and higher accretion rates, which i) move them closer to the local correlations, and ii) might indicate that we are witnessing for the first time a widespread phase of very rapid accretion.
The case for super-Eddington accretion in JWST broad-line AGN during the first billion years
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(NASA戈达德太空飞行中心);Space Telescope Science Institute(空间望远镜科学研究所);Space Telescope Science Institute for the European Space Agency (ESA)(欧洲空间局空间望远镜科学研究所);The William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University(约翰霍普金斯大学威廉H·米勒三世物理与天文学系);Department of Astronomy, University of Washington(华盛顿大学天文学系);Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin(得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文学系)
You can't see me: Super-Eddington growth hindering X-ray detection in high-z broad-line active galactic nuclei
INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学天文研究所);Como Lake Center for Astrophysics, DiSAT, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria(因苏布里亚大学DiSAT科莫湖天体物理学中心);INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca(意大利国家核物理研究院米兰-比可卡分校);INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文台);Center for Astrophysics and Space Science (CASS), New York University Abu Dhabi(纽约大学阿布扎比分校天体物理学与空间科学中心);INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera(意大利国家天体物理研究所布雷拉天文台);Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁斯分校天文学与天体物理学系);Dipartimento di Fisica "G. Occhialini", Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca(米兰-比可卡大学G. Occhialini物理系)
The X-ray weakness of Little Red Dots and JWST-selected AGN: comparison with local AGN in different accretion regimes
INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);University of Geneva(日内瓦大学);Universidad Diego Portales(迭戈·波特莱斯大学);Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院高能物理研究所);Scuola Normale Superiore(比萨高等师范学院);Peking University(北京大学);Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik(德国马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所);University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学);National Astronomical Observatory of China(中国国家天文台)
Sapienza, Università di Roma(罗马大学);INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);INFN, Sezione di Roma I(意大利国家核物理研究所罗马第一分部);University of Zurich(苏黎世大学);Sapienza School for Advanced Studies(罗马大学高等研究院);Como Lake Center for Astrophysics, DiSAT, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria(因斯布鲁克大学DiSAT科莫湖天体物理学中心);INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca(意大利国家核物理研究所米兰比可卡分部);INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚空间科学与天体物理观测站)
Feeding frenzy in the mighty black holes: what we could learn from them?
International Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab(国际双子座天文台/美国国家光学红外天文研究实验室);Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul(南里奥格兰德联邦大学);Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学);Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院);Astronomical Observatory Belgrade(贝尔格莱德天文台);INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova(意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台);Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies(海德堡理论研究所)
The role of major mergers in triggering super-Eddington accretion
Dipartimento di Fisica, “Sapienza” Università di Roma(罗马大学物理系);INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(罗马天文台);INFN, Sezione Roma1(罗马第一国家核物理研究所);Sapienza School for Advanced Studies(萨皮恩扎高等研究学院);Como Lake Center for Astrophysics, DiSAT, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria(因苏布里亚大学迪萨特科莫湖天体物理学中心);INFN, Sezione di Milano-Bicocca(米兰比可卡国家核物理研究所);INAF, Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna(博洛尼亚空间天体物理学与科学天文台)
The possible accretion discs of GN-z11 at redshift z = 10.6, MoM-z14 at z = 14.44 and other high redshift objects
University of Warwick(华威大学);Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所);Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学卡文迪许实验室);Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London(伦敦大学学院物理与天文系);Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天文学研究所)
The Little Red Dots Are Direct Collapse Black Holes
Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University(哈佛大学黑洞倡议项目);Scuola Normale Superiore(比萨高等师范学院);Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colby College(科尔比学院物理与天文系)
JWST and Keck Observations of the Off-Nuclear TDE AT 2024tvd: A Massive Nuclear Star Cluster and Minor-Merger Origin for its Black Hole
UC Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校);University of California Observatories(加州大学天文台);University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign(伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校);University of Texas Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand(泰国国家天文研究所)
Gas Accretion versus BH Merger driven Growth Modes of Supermassive Black Holes and Implications for the Little Red Dots
Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (OATs)(意大利国家天体物理研究所(INAF)- 的里雅斯特天文台(OATs));Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas - Universidade Federal do ABC(自然与人类科学中心 - 圣保罗联邦ABC大学);Núcleo de Astrofísica - Universidade Cidade de São Paulo(天体物理学核心 - 圣保罗城市大学)
JWST/MIRI Spectroscopy of the Quiescent Black Hole X-ray Binary XTE J1118+480: Constraints on Jet and Circumbinary Dust Contributions to the Mid-infrared Emission
University of Michigan(密歇根大学);University of Nevada, Reno(内华达大学里诺分校);University of Nevada, Las Vegas(内华达大学拉斯维加斯分校);New York University Abu Dhabi(纽约大学阿布扎比分校);University of Zurich(苏黎世大学);Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛与史密森尼学会);University of Oxford(牛津大学);University of Cape Town(开普敦大学)
Little Red Dots as Intermediate Mass, Super-Eddington Engines: Insights from Type IIn Supernovae and The 1837-1856 Great Eruption of $η$ Carinae
MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research(麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理与空间研究所);Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i(夏威夷大学天文学研究所);Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA)(奥地利科学技术研究所);Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学天文与天体物理系);Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理学研究所);Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校天文系);Cosmic Frontier Center, The University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校宇宙前沿中心)
How similar are narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies and high-z type 1 AGN?
European Southern Observatory (ESO)(欧洲南方天文台);Texas Tech University(德克萨斯理工大学);INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma(意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台);Universidad Diego Portales(迭戈帕托莱斯大学)