An IXPE-Led X-ray Spectro-Polarimetric Campaign on the Soft State of Cygnus X-1: X-ray Polarimetric Evidence for Strong Gravitational Lensing
James F. Steiner, Edward Nathan, Kun Hu, Henric Krawczynski, Michal Dovciak, Alexandra Veledina, Fabio Muleri, Jiri Svoboda, Kevin Alabarta, Maxime Parra, Yash … 展开作者
James F. Steiner, Edward Nathan, Kun Hu, Henric Krawczynski, Michal Dovciak, Alexandra Veledina, Fabio Muleri, Jiri Svoboda, Kevin Alabarta, Maxime Parra, Yash Bhargava, Giorgio Matt, Juri Poutanen, Pierre-Olivier Petrucci, Allyn F. Tennant, M. Cristina Baglio, Luca Baldini, Samuel Barnier, Sudip Bhattacharyya, Stefano Bianchi, Maimouna Brigitte, Mauricio Cabezas, Floriane Cangemi, Fiamma Capitanio, Jacob Casey, Nicole Rodriguez Cavero, Simone Castellano, Elisabetta Cavazzuti, Sohee Chun, Eugene Churazov, Enrico Costa, Niccolo Di Lalla, Alessandro Di Marco, Elise Egron, Melissa Ewing, Sergio Fabiani, Javier A. Garcia, David A. Green, Victoria Grinberg, Petr Hadrava, Adam Ingram, Philip Kaaret, Fabian Kislat, Takao Kitaguchi, Vadim Kravtsov, Brankica Kubatova, Fabio La Monaca, Luca Latronico, Vladislav Loktev, Christian Malacaria, Frederic Marin, Andrea Marinucci, Olga Maryeva, Guglielmo Mastroserio, Tsunefumi Mizuno, Michela Negro, Nicola Omodei, Jakub Podgorny, John Rankin, Ajay Ratheesh, Lauren Rhodes, David M. Russell, Miroslav Slechta, Paolo Soffitta, Sean Spooner, Valery Suleimanov, Francesco Tombesi, Sergei A. Trushkin, Martin C. Weisskopf, Silvia Zane, Andrzej A. Zdziarski, Sixuan Zhang, Wenda Zhang, Menglei Zhou, Ivan Agudo, Lucio A. Antonelli, Matteo Bachetti, Wayne H. Baumgartner, Ronaldo Bellazzini, Stephen D. Bongiorno, Raffaella Bonino, Alessandro Brez, Niccolo Bucciantini, Chien-Ting Chen, Stefano Ciprini, Alessandra De Rosa, Ettore Del Monte, Laura Di Gesu, Immacolata Donnarumma, Victor Doroshenko, Steven R. Ehlert, Teruaki Enoto, Yuri Evangelista, Riccardo Ferrazzoli, Shuichi Gunji, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Jeremy Heyl, Wataru Iwakiri, Svetlana G. Jorstad, Vladimir Karas, Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak, Ioannis Liodakis, Simone Maldera, Alberto Manfreda, Alan P. Marscher, Herman L. Marshall, Francesco Massaro, Ikuyuki Mitsuishi, Chi-Yung Ng, Stephen L. O'Dell, Chiara Oppedisano, Alessandro Papitto, George G. Pavlov, Abel L. Peirson, Matteo Perri, Melissa Pesce-Rollins, Maura Pilia, Andrea Possenti, Simonetta Puccetti, Brian D. Ramsey, Oliver J. Roberts, Roger W. Romani, Carmelo Sgro, Patrick Slane, Gloria Spandre, Douglas A. Swartz, Toru Tamagawa, Fabrizio Tavecchio, Roberto Taverna, Yuzuru Tawara, Nicholas E. Thomas, Alessio Trois, Sergey S. Tsygankov, Roberto Turolla, Jacco Vink, Kinwah Wu, Fei Xie
We present the first X-ray spectropolarimetric results for Cygnus X-1 in its soft state from a campaign of five IXPE observations conducted during 2023 May-June. Companion multiwavelength data during the campaign are likewise shown. The 2-8 keV X-rays exhibit a net polarization degree PD=1.99%+/-0.13% (68% confidence). The polarization signal is found to increase with energy across IXPE's 2-8 keV bandpass. The polarized X-rays exhibit an energy-independent polarization angle of PA=-25.7+/-1.8 deg. East of North (68% confidence). This is consistent with being aligned to Cyg X-1's AU-scale compact radio jet and its pc-scale radio lobes. In comparison to earlier hard-state observations, the soft state exhibits a factor of 2 lower polarization degree, but a similar trend with energy and a similar (also energy-independent) position angle. When scaling by the natural unit of the disk temperature, we find the appearance of a consistent trendline in the polarization degree between soft and hard states. Our favored polarimetric model indicates Cyg X-1's spin is likely high (a* above ~0.96). The substantial X-ray polarization in Cyg X-1's soft state is most readily explained as resulting from a large portion of X-rays emitted from the disk returning and reflecting off the disk surface, generating a high polarization degree and a polarization direction parallel to the black hole spin axis and radio jet. In IXPE's bandpass, the polarization signal is dominated by the returning reflection emission. This constitutes polarimetric evidence for strong gravitational lensing of X-rays close to the black hole.
Decoding Cygnus X-2: The Critical Role of Reflection in IXPE Data
Fudan University（复旦大学）；Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen（蒂宾根大学）；University of Warwick（华威大学）；Newcastle University（纽卡斯尔大学）；New Uzbekistan University（新乌兹别克斯坦大学）；University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；INAF - Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna（意大利国家天体物理研究所博洛尼亚天文与空间科学观测站）；Wayne State University（韦恩州立大学）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学安东·范·佩内贝克克天文学研究所）；Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院天文研究所）
Unchanged X-Ray Polarization During Accretion Dips in the Low Hard State of Cygnus X-1
Guangxi University（广西大学）；INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali（意大利国家天体物理研究所空间天体物理学和行星科学研究所）；Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所）
Fitting XMM-Newton Observations of the AXP 1RXS J170849.0-400910 with four magnetar surface emission models, and predictions for X-ray polarization observations with IXPE
A unified modeling of X-ray and gamma-ray spectro-polarimetric data: the case of Cygnus X-1
Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg（维尔茨堡朱利叶斯-马克西米利安大学）；European Space Agency (ESA)（欧洲空间局）；Université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷大学）；Université Paris Cité（巴黎西岱大学）；Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers de l’université Paris-Saclay（巴黎萨克雷宇宙科学观测站）；APC（粒子与宇宙学中心）；Dr. Karl Remeis-Observatory, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg（弗里德里希-亚历山大埃尔朗根-纽伦堡大学卡尔·雷梅斯天文台）
Testing Magnetic Field Configurations in Spider Pulsar PSR J1723-2837 with IXPE
Louisiana State University（路易斯安那州立大学）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/GSFC（NASA/戈达德太空飞行中心空间科学与技术研究探索中心）；University of Maryland, Baltimore County（马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校）
Disk reflection as the origin of the X-ray polarization of NGC 4151 with IXPE
California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院天文研究所）；University of Crete（克里特大学）；Institute of Astrophysics, FORTH（FORTH天体物理研究所）；Università degli Studi Roma Tre（罗马三分大学）；Clemson University（克莱姆森大学）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（INAF-布雷拉天文台）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（NASA戈达德太空飞行中心）
X-ray polarization of the Compton-thin Seyfert galaxy NGC 5506 with IXPE
Università degli Studi Roma Tre（罗马第三大学）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata”（意大利国家核物理研究所罗马“托尔维加塔”分部）；NASA Marshall Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局马歇尔太空飞行中心）；Agenzia Spaziale Italiana（意大利航天局）；INAF - Osservatorio astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Clemson University（克莱姆森大学）；INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera（意大利国家天体物理研究所布里埃拉天文台）
Constraining the Corona Geometry of Cyg X-1 with Broad Band Spectrum and Polarimetric Analysis Based on Observations in May 2022
Hiroshima University（广岛大学）；National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College（国立技术研究所一关学院）；University of Durham（杜伦大学）；Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University（广岛大学先进理工学研究科）；Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba（筑波大学计算科学中心）
XRISM High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of Cygnus X-1 -- Orbital and Short-Term Variability of Iron Absorption
Tokyo University of Science（东京科学大学）；Rikkyo University（立教大学）；Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory（劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室）；SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research（荷兰空间研究所）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)（日本宇宙航空研究开发机构宇宙科学研究所）
The First X-ray Polarimetry of GRS 1739--278 Reveals Its Rapidly Spinning Black Hole
State Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院高能物理研究所粒子天体物理国家重点实验室）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences（捷克科学院天文研究所）；Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva（日内瓦大学天文系）；Fluid and Complex Systems Centre, Coventry University（考文垂大学流体与复杂系统中心）；INAF—Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali（意大利国家天体物理研究所空间天体物理学和行星科学研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton（南安普顿大学物理与天文系）；Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre（罗马第三大学数学与物理系）；NASA Marshall Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局马歇尔太空飞行中心）
Chandra X-Ray Spectroscopy of the Focused Wind in the Cygnus X-1 System. II. The Nondip Spectrum in the Low/Hard State - Modulations with Orbital Phase
XRISM High-Resolution X-ray Spectroscopy of Cygnus X-1 -- highly ionized Iron absorption structures
Rikkyo University（立教大学）；Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory（劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室）；SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research（荷兰空间研究所）；Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院凯尔天体物理学中心）；Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan（密歇根大学天文学系）；MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research（麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理与空间研究所）；Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)（日本宇宙航空研究开发机构宇宙科学研究所）；NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）
Energy-Resolved Limits on Orbital X-ray Polarization Modulation in Cygnus X-1
Washington University in St. Louis（华盛顿大学）；European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)（欧洲空间局（ESA），欧洲空间研究与技术中心（ESTEC））
Predictions for the X-ray polarisation modulation in Cygnus X-1 from reflection off the stellar companion and its wind
European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)（欧洲航天局（ESA）欧洲空间研究与技术中心（ESTEC））；Universiteit Gent（根特大学）；Washington University in St. Louis（圣路易斯华盛顿大学）
A NuSTAR Reflection-Spectroscopy Survey of Cygnus X-1
Boston University（波士顿大学）；Raman Research Institute（拉曼研究所）；Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal（印度科学教育与研究学院博帕尔分校）；Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra（绿山大学扬努什·吉尔天文学研究所）；Miami Dade College（迈阿密戴德学院）；Florida International University（佛罗里达国际大学）
