Evidence for Morning-to-Evening Limb Asymmetry on the Cool Low-Density Exoplanet WASP-107b
Matthew M. Murphy, Thomas G. Beatty, Everett Schlawin, Taylor J. Bell, Michael R. Line, Thomas P. Greene, Vivien Parmentier, Emily Rauscher, Luis Welbanks, Jona… 展开作者
Matthew M. Murphy, Thomas G. Beatty, Everett Schlawin, Taylor J. Bell, Michael R. Line, Thomas P. Greene, Vivien Parmentier, Emily Rauscher, Luis Welbanks, Jonathan J. Fortney, Marcia Rieke
备注：
This preprint has not undergone any significant improvements or corrections. This article's Version of Record has been published in Nature Astronomy and can be found at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-024-02367-9. Enclosed is the main text, 4 main text figures, methods, 3 Extended Data items, and 5 Supplementary Information items
The atmospheric properties of hot exoplanets are expected to be different between the morning and the evening limb due to global atmospheric circulation. Ground-based observations at high spectral resolution have detected this limb asymmetry in several ultra-hot (>2000 K) exoplanets, but the prevalence of the phenomenon in the broader exoplanetary population remains unexplored. Here we use JWST/NIRCam transmission spectra between 2.5 and 4.0 $μ$m to find evidence of limb asymmetry on exoplanet WASP-107 b. With its equilibrium temperature of 770 K and low density of 0.126 gm c$^{-3}$, WASP-107 b probes a very different regime compared to ultra-hot giant planets and was not expected to exhibit substantial spatial heterogeneity according to atmospheric models. We infer instead a morning-evening temperature difference on the order of 100 K with a hotter evening limb. Further observations on other cooler exoplanets are needed to determine whether WASP-107 b is an outlier or the models underestimate the presence of limb asymmetry in exoplanets.
A Panchromatic Characterization of the Evening and Morning Atmosphere of WASP-107 b: Composition and Cloud Variations, and Insight into the Effect of Stellar Contamination
本研究利用 JWST 全部仪器重新分析 WASP-107 b 的临边透射光谱，确认黄昏-黎明温度差异，发现 SO₂、CO₂ 及云层分布不对称，并揭示星斑污染对临边测量的偏差及校正方法。
Cloudy mornings and clear evenings on a gas giant exoplanet
Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）
Recovering the Morning and Evening Limbs of WASP-94Ab from Its Limb-Averaged JWST Transmission Spectrum
University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA)（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）
Exoplanet climate characterization with transit asymmetries -- A comprehensive population study from the optical to the infrared
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院空间研究所）；Institute for Theoretical Physics and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology（格拉茨工业大学理论与计算物理研究所）
Limb Asymmetries on WASP-39b: A Multi-GCM Comparison of Chemistry, Clouds, and Hazes
University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院空间研究所）；University of California, Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）；Academia Sinica（中央研究院）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität（慕尼黑大学天文台，物理学院）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；KU Leuven（荷语鲁汶大学）
Flow-Driven Limb-Asymmetry of Haze Distribution Part I: An Analytical Framework for Predicting the Size Distribution of Photochemical Hazes Across the Two Limbs of hot-Jupiters
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
Asymmetric Aerosol Distribution on the Terminators of the Warm Saturn WASP-69 b Revealed by JWST NIRISS/SOSS
Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）
Inhomogeneous magnetic coupling in exoplanets: the stop & go of WASP-18 b's atmospheric flows
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院空间研究所）；Institute for Theoretical Physics and Computational Physics, Graz University of Technology（格拉茨工业大学理论与计算物理研究所）
The asymmetric limbs of HD 209458 b observed with JWST NIRCam F322W2/F444W
University of Bristol（布里斯托大学）；HH Wills Physics Laboratory（HH威尔斯物理实验室）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA)（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学环境、科学与经济学院物理与天文系）；Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）；Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern（伯尔尼大学太空与宜居性中心）
Atmospheric asymmetries in WASP-121 b revealed by rotational transits detected with JWST
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Heidelberg University（海德堡大学）；Université Côte d’Azur（蔚蓝海岸大学）；Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur（蔚蓝海岸天文台）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；University of Newcastle（纽卡斯尔大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Laboratoire Lagrange（拉格朗日实验室）；Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux（波尔多天体物理实验室）；Univ. Bordeaux（波尔多大学）
High-resolution atmospheric retrievals of WASP-121b transmission spectroscopy with ESPRESSO: Consistent relative abundance constraints across multiple epochs and instruments
JWST MEP - A World Under Spotty Starlight: Detection of CO2 and H2O in the Hot Saturn WASP-52b with JWST NIRSpec G395H
University of Virginia（弗吉尼亚大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）
A New Method for Constraining 3D Exoplanet Atmospheres: Application to WASP-94A b's Panchromatic Spectrum
School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学地球与空间探索学院）；William H. Miller III Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University（约翰霍普金斯大学威廉H米勒三世物理与天文系）；Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University（约翰霍普金斯大学地球与行星科学系）
Metal Oxide Clusters in Gas Giant Exoplanet Atmospheres
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院空间研究所）；Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, TU Graz（格拉茨工业大学理论与计算物理研究所）；Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property (IGE)（瑞士联邦知识产权局）；Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern（伯尔尼大学物理学院空间研究与行星科学系）
Probing Two-dimensional Asymmetries of an Exoplanet Atmosphere from Chromatic Transit Variation
Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI（高级研究院）；Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency（日本宇宙航空研究开发机构宇宙科学研究所）；Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo（东京大学理学研究科天文学专攻）；Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University（京都大学理学研究科天文学专攻）；Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University（东北大学跨学科前沿研究院）；Department of Geophysics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University（东北大学理学研究科地球物理学专攻）；Cluster for Pioneering Research, RIKEN（理化学研究所开创性研究集群）；Astrobiology Center（天体生物学中心）
A Spatial Map of the Atmospheric Limb of a Hot Jupiter
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理与空间研究研究所）；Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学）；Catholic University of America（美国天主教大学）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；JHU Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）
