Nightside condensation of iron in an ultra-hot giant exoplanet
David Ehrenreich, Christophe Lovis, Romain Allart, María Rosa Zapatero Osorio, Francesco Pepe, Stefano Cristiani, Rafael Rebolo, Nuno C. Santos, Francesco Borsa… 展开作者
David Ehrenreich, Christophe Lovis, Romain Allart, María Rosa Zapatero Osorio, Francesco Pepe, Stefano Cristiani, Rafael Rebolo, Nuno C. Santos, Francesco Borsa, Olivier Demangeon, Xavier Dumusque, Jonay I. González Hernández, Núria Casasayas-Barris, Damien Ségransan, Sérgio Sousa, Manuel Abreu, Vardan Adibekyan, Michael Affolter, Carlos Allende Prieto, Yann Alibert, Matteo Aliverti, David Alves, Manuel Amate, Gerardo Avila, Veronica Baldini, Timothy Bandy, Willy Benz, Andrea Bianco, Émeline Bolmont, François Bouchy, Vincent Bourrier, Christopher Broeg, Alexandre Cabral, Giorgio Calderone, Enric Pallé, H. M. Cegla, Roberto Cirami, João M. P. Coelho, Paolo Conconi, Igor Coretti, Claudio Cumani, Guido Cupani, Hans Dekker, Bernard Delabre, Sebastian Deiries, Valentina D'Odorico, Paolo Di Marcantonio, Pedro Figueira, Ana Fragoso, Ludovic Genolet, Matteo Genoni, Ricardo Génova Santos, Nathan Hara, Ian Hughes, Olaf Iwert, Florian Kerber, Jens Knudstrup, Marco Landoni, Baptiste Lavie, Jean-Louis Lizon, Monika Lendl, Gaspare Lo Curto, Charles Maire, Antonio Manescau, C. J. A. P. Martins, Denis Mégevand, Andrea Mehner, Giusi Micela, Andrea Modigliani, Paolo Molaro, Manuel Monteiro, Mario Monteiro, Manuele Moschetti, Eric Müller, Nelson Nunes, Luca Oggioni, António Oliveira, Giorgio Pariani, Luca Pasquini, Ennio Poretti, José Luis Rasilla, Edoardo Redaelli, Marco Riva, Samuel Santana Tschudi, Paolo Santin, Pedro Santos, Alex Segovia Milla, Julia V. Seidel, Danuta Sosnowska, Alessandro Sozzetti, Paolo Spanò, Alejandro Suárez Mascareño, Hugo Tabernero, Fabio Tenegi, Stéphane Udry, Alessio Zanutta, Filippo Zerbi
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Published in Nature (Accepted on 24 January 2020.) 33 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables
超热的巨型系外行星接受的日照是地球的数千倍。它们的高温大气（> 2，000 K）是研究极端行星气候和化学的理想实验室。据预测，白昼将是无云的，主要由原子物种和显着比黑夜热。原子预计会在夜面重新组合成分子，从而产生不同的昼夜化学反应。虽然已经观察到金属元素和大的温度对比，但在这样一颗系外行星的表面上没有测量到化学梯度。然而，不同的大气化学之间的白天到晚上（“晚上”）和夜间到白天（“早上”）的终端，可以显示为一个不对称的吸收签名在过境。在这里，我们报告了在超热系外行星WASP-76 b中检测到的不对称大气特征。由于高色散光谱与大的光子收集区域的结合，我们在光谱和时间上解决了这个签名。中性铁的吸收信号在后缘上蓝移了-11+/-0.7 km s-1，这可以用行星旋转和从炎热的向阳面吹来的风的组合来解释。相比之下，在靠近早晨分界线的夜晚没有信号出现，这表明铁原子在那里没有吸收星光。因此，铁在穿越夜面的过程中必须凝结。
英文摘要：
Ultra-hot giant exoplanets receive thousands of times Earth's insolation. Their high-temperature atmospheres (>2,000 K) are ideal laboratories for studying extreme planetary climates and chemistry. Daysides are predicted to be cloud-free, dominated by atomic species and substantially hotter than nightsides. Atoms are expected to recombine into molecules over the nightside, resulting in different day-night chemistry. While metallic elements and a large temperature contrast have been observed, no chemical gradient has been measured across the surface of such an exoplanet. Different atmospheric chemistry between the day-to-night ("evening") and night-to-day ("morning") terminators could, however, be revealed as an asymmetric absorption signature during transit. Here, we report the detection of an asymmetric atmospheric signature in the ultra-hot exoplanet WASP-76b. We spectrally and temporally resolve this signature thanks to the combination of high-dispersion spectroscopy with a large photon-collecting area. The absorption signal, attributed to neutral iron, is blueshifted by -11+/-0.7 km s-1 on the trailing limb, which can be explained by a combination of planetary rotation and wind blowing from the hot dayside. In contrast, no signal arises from the nightside close to the morning terminator, showing that atomic iron is not absorbing starlight there. Iron must thus condense during its journey across the nightside.
Understanding the atmospheric properties and chemical composition of the ultra-hot Jupiter HAT-P-7b: III. Changing ionisation and the emergence of an ionosphere
TOI-1431b/MASCARA-5b: A Highly Irradiated Ultra-Hot Jupiter Orbiting One of the Hottest & Brightest Known Exoplanet Host Stars
我们提出了一个高度辐射和适度膨胀的超热木星的发现，TOI-1431 b/MASCARA-5 b（HD 201033 b），首先由美国宇航局的凌日系外行星调查卫星任务（TESS）和多站点全天空相机（MASCARA）检测。通过使用SONG、SOPHIE、FIES、NRES和EXPRES获得的径向速度测量，该信号被确定为行星起源，这些测量显示了$K=294.1\pm1.1$ m s $^{-1}$的反射运动。对TESS和地基测光和径向速度测量的联合分析表明，TOI-1431 b的质量为$M_{p}=3.12\pm0.18$ $\rm{M_J}$（$990\pm60$ M PDMATHAMR），膨胀半径为$R_{p}=1.49\pm0.05$ $\rm{R_J}$（$16.7\pm0.6$ R PDMATHAMR），轨道周期为$P=2.650237\pm0.000003$ d。对主星光谱能量分布的分析表明，这颗行星围绕一颗明亮（$\mathrm{V}=8.049$等）和年轻（$0.29^{+0.32}_{-0.19}$陀螺仪）的Am型恒星运行，恒星为$T_{\rm eff}=7690^{+400}_{-250}$ $\rm{K}$，产生一颗高辐射行星，入射通量为$\langle F \rangle=7.24^{+0.68}_{-0.64}\times$ 10 $^9$ erg s $^{-…
The breaking of cold traps and onset of titanium in ultra-hot Jupiter atmospheres: WASP-189b in context
Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève（日内瓦天文台，天文学系，日内瓦大学）；Institut Trottier de recherche sur les exoplanètes, Département de Physique, Université de Montréal（特罗蒂尔系外行星研究所，物理系，蒙特利尔大学）；Centre Vie dans l’Univers, Faculté des sciences de l’Université de Genève（宇宙生命中心，日内瓦大学理学院）；Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP（空间天体物理学与天文研究所，波尔图大学）；Planétarium de Montréal, Espace pour la Vie（蒙特利尔天文馆，生命空间）；Department of Physics, McGill University（麦吉尔大学物理系）；Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, McGill University（麦吉尔大学地球与行星科学系）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学，法国国家科学研究中心）
The Effect of 3D Transport-Induced Disequilibrium Carbon Chemistry on the Atmospheric Structure and Phase Curves and Emission Spectra of Hot Jupiter HD 189733b
Cloudy mornings and clear evenings on a gas giant exoplanet
Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）
Metal Oxide Clusters in Gas Giant Exoplanet Atmospheres
Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences（奥地利科学院空间研究所）；Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics, TU Graz（格拉茨工业大学理论与计算物理研究所）；Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property (IGE)（瑞士联邦知识产权局）；Space Research and Planetary Sciences, Physics Institute, University of Bern（伯尔尼大学物理学院空间研究与行星科学系）
A Spatial Map of the Atmospheric Limb of a Hot Jupiter
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理与空间研究研究所）；Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学）；Catholic University of America（美国天主教大学）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心）；JHU Applied Physics Laboratory（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）
A population view of transiting hot giant exoplanets: Tracing Fe and Ti chemistry with ESPRESSO and MAROON-X
European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；Lund University（隆德大学）；Université Côte d’Azur（蔚蓝海岸大学）；Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur（蔚蓝海岸天文台）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；Observatoire astronomique de l’Université de Genève（日内瓦大学天文台）；Centre for Astrophysics, University of Southern Queensland（南昆士兰大学天体物理中心）
