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arXiv 2406.09697math.CO
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Seidel 锦标赛矩阵的行列式决定因素

Determinants of Seidel Tournament Matrices

Sarah Klanderman, MurphyKate Montee, Andrzej Piotrowski, Alex Rice, Bryan Shader

AI总结:

本文研究锦标赛 Seidel 矩阵行列式平方根所构成的集合,证明其包含关系、区间覆盖、期望与方差、上界及间隙存在性,并建立特征多项式性质。

摘要:

一个具有 $n$ 名选手的锦标赛的 Seidel 矩阵是一个 $n\times n$ 斜对称矩阵,其元素取自 $\{0, 1, -1\}$,概括了给定锦标赛中各场比赛的结果。已知当 $n$ 为奇数时,$n\times n$ Seidel 矩阵的行列式为 $0$;当 $n$ 为偶数时,其行列式为一个奇完全平方数。由此引出对集合 \\[ \mathcal{D}(n)= \{ \sqrt{\det S}: \mbox{ $S$ 是一个 $n\times n$ Seidel 矩阵}\} \\] 的研究。本文研究了关于 $\mathcal{D}(n)$ 的若干问题。证明了对于每个正偶数,$\mathcal{D}(n)$ 是 $\mathcal{D}(n+2)$ 的真子集,并且当 $n$ 为偶数时,区间 $[1, 1+n^2/2]$ 中的每个奇数都属于 $\mathcal{D}(n)$。本文确定了在均匀随机选取的 $n\times n$ Seidel 矩阵上 $\det S$ 的期望值和方差,给出了 $\max \mathcal{D}(n)$ 的上界,并将其与 Hadamard 猜想联系起来。最后,证明了对于无穷多个 $n$,$\mathcal{D}(n)$ 包含一个间隙(即存在奇数 $k<\ell <m$ 使得 $k, m \in \mathcal{D}(n)$ 但 $\ell \notin \mathcal{D}(n)$),并建立了 Seidel 矩阵特征多项式的若干性质。

英文摘要:

The Seidel matrix of a tournament on $n$ players is an $n\times n$ skew-symmetric matrix with entries in $\{0, 1, -1\}$ that encapsulates the outcomes of the games in the given tournament. It is known that the determinant of an $n\times n$ Seidel matrix is $0$ if $n$ is odd, and is an odd perfect square if $n$ is even. This leads to the study of the set \[ \mathcal{D}(n)= \{ \sqrt{\det S}: \mbox{ $S$ is an $n\times n$ Seidel matrix}\}. \] This paper studies various questions about $\mathcal{D}(n)$. It is shown that $\mathcal{D}(n)$ is a proper subset of $\mathcal{D}(n+2)$ for every positive even integer, and every odd integer in the interval $[1, 1+n^2/2]$ is in $\mathcal{D}(n)$ for $n$ even. The expected value and variance of $\det S$ over the $n\times n$ Seidel matrices chosen uniformly at random is determined, and upper bounds on $\max \mathcal{D}(n)$ are given, and related to the Hadamard conjecture. Finally, it is shown that for infinitely many $n$, $\mathcal{D}(n)$ contains a gap (that is, there are odd integers $k<\ell <m$ such that $k, m \in \mathcal{D}(n)$ but $\ell \notin \mathcal{D}(n)$) and several properties of the characteristic polynomials of Seidel matrices are established.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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