云端碳核算：一种在数据中心用户之间分摊排放的方法
Carbon accounting in the Cloud: a methodology for allocating emissions across data center users
AI总结：
本文提出一种基于资源预留、每小时实测用量及地点碳强度的云数据中心能耗与碳排放分摊方法，已用于 Google Cloud 和 Workspace 的企业碳报告。
摘要：
本文提出了一种将能耗分摊给共享数据中心机器、基础设施和软件的多个用户的方法。Google 使用该方法为包括 Google Cloud 和 Workspace 在内的多个 Google 产品的企业客户提供碳报告数据。本文记录的方法推进了大规模云碳报告系统的现有技术水平。它使用关于机器能耗的详细、细粒度测量数据。此外，它采用物理因素来分摊能耗和碳排放——这是温室气体核算体系范围三报告标准所偏好的做法。具体而言，本文所述方法基于数据中心资源预留与每小时实测资源使用量的组合来分摊机器能耗。它还核算了 Google 自身对共享软件服务的内部使用，将能耗重新分摊给这些共享服务的用户。最后，它使用按小时、按地点估算的碳强度，精确测量全球数据中心机群中用户的碳排放。
英文摘要：
This paper presents a methodology for allocating energy consumption to multiple users of shared data center machines, infrastructure, and software. Google uses this methodology to provide carbon reporting data for enterprise customers of multiple Google products, including Google Cloud and Workspace. The approach documented here advances the state-of-the-art of large scale Cloud carbon reporting systems. It uses detailed, granular measurement data on machine energy consumption. In addition, it uses physical factors for allocating energy consumption and carbon emissions--preferred by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol's Scope 3 Reporting Standard. Specifically, the approach described here allocates machine energy consumption based on a combination of data center resource reservations and hourly measured resource usage. It also accounts for Google's own internal use of shared software services, reallocating energy use to the users of those shared services. Finally, it uses hourly, location-specific estimates of carbon intensity to precisely measure carbon emissions of users in a global fleet of data centers.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
