In this paper, we introduce the receiver architecture for the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX) Mission, designed to reveal the photon ring of black holes. The primary instrument is a dual-polarization receiver operating over the 240-320 GHz frequency range, utilizing a Superconductor-Insulator-Superconductor (SIS) mixer. This Double-Side-Band (DSB) receiver has an intermediate frequency (IF) range of 4-12 GHz and operates at a bath temperature of 4.5 K, for optimal performance, which necessitates the integration of a cryocooler. Complementing the primary receiver is a secondary unit covering the 80-106 GHz spectrum, featuring a cryogenic low noise amplifier. This secondary receiver, affixed to the 20 K stage of the cryocooler, serves to augment the SIS receiver performance by employing the Frequency Phase Transfer technique to boost the signal-to-noise ratio at the correlator output. Together, this sophisticated receiver duo is engineered to achieve the quantum-limited sensitivity required to detect the photon ring of black holes, marking a breakthrough in astrophysical observation.
Heriot-Watt University(赫瑞-瓦特大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory(麻省理工学院海斯塔克天文台);The University of Tokyo(东京大学);Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(宇宙科学研究所,日本宇宙航空研究开发机构);The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI(综合研究大学院大学,SOKENDAI);Niigata University(新潟大学);Yamaguchi University(山口大学);Nagoya City University(名古屋市立大学);Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University(哈佛大学黑洞倡议);Harvard University(哈佛大学);Toyo University(东洋大学);Bunkyo University(文教大学);Musashino University(武藏野大学);National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College(国立工学院一关学院);University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学)
Resolving Nearby Supermassive Black Holes with the Black Hole Explorer
Yamaguchi University(山口大学);Heriot-Watt University(赫瑞-瓦特大学);Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory(麻省理工学院海斯观测站);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan(日本国立天文台);Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University(哈佛大学黑洞倡议项目)
Towards direct imaging and orbital parameter estimation of supermassive black hole binaries with spaceborne VLBI
Delft University of Technology(代尔夫特理工大学);Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE)(甚长基线干涉测量联合研究所);Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University(哈佛大学黑洞倡议项目);Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心)
Supermassive black hole binaries in the multi-messenger context of ground and spaceborne VLBI
Delft University of Technology(代尔夫特理工大学);Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE)(甚长基线干涉测量欧洲联合研究所);Niels Bohr Institute(尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);Space Initiatives Inc(太空倡议公司)
Broadband 600- and 1200-GHz Subharmonically Pumped Schottky Diode Mixers
Omnisys Instruments AB;Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学);Low Noise Factory AB;Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern(伯尔尼大学应用物理研究所);EmriX Consulting AB;Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology(查尔姆斯理工大学微技术与纳米科学系)
Convolutional Neural Network for Extraction of $n = 1$ Photon Ring of Black Holes
University of California, Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校);Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science(米勒基础科学研究学院);Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校天文学系)