超大质量黑洞双星在地基与天基VLBI多信使背景下的研究
Supermassive black hole binaries in the multi-messenger context of ground and spaceborne VLBI
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文利用双星光谱能量分布模型预测超大质量黑洞双星在地基与天基VLBI下的可探测性,发现天基VLBI(如BHEX)能显著改进双星参数表征,有望实现首次直接观测。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
引力波背景的证据表明,存在一群亚秒差距尺度的超大质量黑洞双星(SMBHBs),其特征角间距约为1-10微角秒。甚长基线干涉测量(VLBI)的天基扩展以及下一代地面阵列使得直接成像这些SMBHBs成为可能。在本工作中,使用双星光谱能量分布(SED)模型来预测SMBHBs在地基和天基VLBI下的可探测性。我们将黑洞探索者(BHEX),一个天基VLBI任务的提案,作为主要案例研究。我们探索了可探测的SMBHB参数空间,并识别了在可见度域中可能存在的独特双星特征。我们发现,对于通量密度受限的样本,地面阵列观测在探测更宽的双星参数空间区域方面更为有效,其中总质量$M_\mathrm{tot} \gtrsim 10^9$太阳质量的系统可探测到红移$z=0.075$及更远。相反,加入如BHEX这样的天基元素,提供更精细的角分辨率(约6微角秒)以及不受地球旋转合成限制的(u,v)平面采样,将在约束双星性质方面带来显著优势,使得SMBHBs的间距和位置角表征改进约4倍。近未来的地面和/或天基VLBI可能实现首个SMBHB的直接观测,为利用脉冲星计时阵列和跨电磁波谱观测进行此类系统的多信使研究做出重要贡献。
英文摘要
Evidence of a gravitational wave background suggests the existence of a population of sub-parsec supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), with characteristic angular separations on the order of 1-10 $μ$as. Spaceborne extensions of Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) and the next generation ground arrays introduce the possibility of directly imaging these SMBHBs. In this work, a binary spectral energy distribution model is used to predict the detectability of SMBHBs with ground and spaceborne VLBI. We consider the Black Hole Explorer (BHEX), a proposed spaceborne VLBI mission, as our primary case study. We explore the detectable SMBHB parameter space and identify distinguishable binary signatures in the visibility domain. We find that for a flux-density-limited sample, ground array observations are more effective at detecting a wider region of the binary parameter space, with $M_\mathrm{tot} \gtrsim 10^9$ solar mass systems detectable out to redshift $z=0.075$ and beyond, depending on mass ratio. Conversely, inclusion of a spaceborne element such as BHEX, offering finer angular resolution ($\sim6\,μ$as) and sampling of the (u,v) plane not limited by Earth rotation synthesis, will provide significant benefits in constraining binary properties. An illustrative Fisher analysis shows improvements in characterisation of the separation and position angle of SMBHBs by a factor of $\sim4$. Near-future ground and/or spaceborne VLBI may achieve the first direct observation of a SMBHB, contributing significantly to multi-messenger studies of such systems with pulsar timing arrays and observations across the electromagnetic spectrum.
发表机构
- Delft University of Technology(代尔夫特理工大学)
- Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE)(甚长基线干涉测量欧洲联合研究所)
- Niels Bohr Institute(尼尔斯·玻尔研究所)
- Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所)
- Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学)
- Space Initiatives Inc(太空倡议公司)
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