量子采集器实现无随机性转移或无耗散的能量转移
Quantum harvester enables energy transfer without randomness transfer or dissipation
AI总结：
本文提出量子能量采集协议，可在不转移随机性且不耗散的情况下从部分随机能源中提取能量，其关键机制是利用 Rabi 振荡中多条轨迹达到相同末态，从而超越传统整流和反馈方案。
摘要：
我们考虑能量采集中一个基础性问题：给定一个部分随机的能量源，是否有可能在不转移随机性或承担其他热力学代价的情况下提取能量？我们对此给出肯定回答，描述了若干场景与协议，在这些场景与协议中，原则上可以从具有随机性的场中提取能量，但不会转移任何随机性，也不会产生能量耗散。此类协议从根本上优于现有的整流方法（这些方法会耗散功率），也优于类似反馈恶魔的协议（这些协议会将随机性转移到反馈系统）。这些协议利用了采集系统可以采取多条轨迹、并在给定时刻达到相同末态的可能性。我们解释了为什么这些协议不违反基本物理原理。一个关键例子涉及实验上已充分确立的能级间 Rabi 振荡现象，利用态空间中多个旋转轴将低能态激发到激发态。无论外部势的随机初始相位如何，量子系统在与源相互作用固定时间后都会被确定性地激发到最高能级。
英文摘要：
We consider a foundational question in energy harvesting: given a partly random energy source, is it possible to extract the energy without also transferring randomness or accepting another thermodynamical cost? We answer this in the positive, describing scenarios and protocols where in principle energy is extracted from a field with randomness but without any randomness being transferred, and without energy dissipation. Such protocols fundamentally outperform existing methods of rectification which dissipate power, or feedback demon-like protocols which transfer randomness to the feedback system. The protocols exploit the possibility of the harvesting system taking several trajectories that lead to the same final state at a given time. We explain why these protocols do not violate basic physical principles. A key example involves the experimentally well-established phenomenon of Rabi oscillations between energy levels, exploiting the multitude of rotation axes in the state space that take the lower energy state to the excited state. The quantum system is deterministically excited to the highest energy level after interacting with the source for a fixed amount of time, irrespective of the random initial phase of the external potential.
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