通过单向量子跃迁至亚稳态改进量子电池充电
Improving quantum-battery charging via unidirectional quantum jumps to metastable state
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本研究针对量子电池充电中量子跃迁致能量耗散的问题，提出Λ型三能级原子构成的量子电池，通过限制自发跃迁方向使量子跃迁发挥建设性作用，实现高效充电、能量可提取及缩短充电时长。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
在量子电池的充电过程中，量子跃迁会产生有害作用，因为它们会诱导系统从高能级向低能级跃迁，进而导致能量耗散，这种行为与充电协议的核心目标直接相悖——充电协议的目标是增加高能级的布居数，在系统中存储可用能量。此外，量子跃迁的随机性会引入退相干，导致系统变为混合态，从而降低从已充电量子电池中可提取的能量。在此，我们提出一种量子电池，该电池包含一组Λ型三能级原子，用于将能量长时间存储在亚稳态中。我们证明，当原子的自发跃迁被限制为仅从激发态向亚稳态发生，且完全抑制向基态的衰减时，量子跃迁会产生建设性作用。在这些条件下，量子跃迁可驱动量子电池达到完全充电状态，使全部存储的能量均可提取，并缩短充电协议第二阶段的持续时间。
英文摘要
In the process of charging a quantum battery, quantum jumps play a detrimental role because they induce transitions from higher to lower energy levels, leading to energy dissipation. This be- havior directly opposes the fundamental objective of the charging protocol, which is to increase the population of higher-energy states and store usable energy in the system. Furthermore, decoherence introduced by randomness of quantum jumps leads to a mixed state, thereby reducing the amount of energy that can be extracted from the charged quantum battery. Here, we propose a quantum battery comprising an ensemble of three-level atoms in the Λ configuration to store energy in the metastable state over a long time. We demonstrate that, when spontaneous atomic transitions are restricted to occur solely from the excited state to a metastable state, with decay to the ground state completely suppressed, quantum jumps acquire a constructive character. Under these con- ditions, they drive the quantum battery to a fully charged state, render the entire stored energy extractable, and shorten the duration of the second stage of the charging protocol.
