arXiv 2406.059702024-06-10physics.plasm-ph

利用低氚自旋极化燃料同时提升氚燃耗效率与聚变功率

Simultaneous Enhancement of Tritium Burn Efficiency and Fusion Power with Low-Tritium Spin-Polarized Fuel

J. F. Parisi, A. Diallo, J. A. Schwartz

备注：: 30 pages, 27 figures

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AI总结：

本文证明在类ARC托卡马克中使用低氚比例的自旋极化D-T燃料，可在不损失聚变功率的情况下将氚燃耗效率提高一个数量级以上，并将最小启动氚存量从0.69 kg降至0.03 kg，为燃烧等离子体发展提供了新方向。

摘要：

本研究表明，与非极化燃料相比，使用氘多于氚的自旋极化氘氚（D-T）燃料可以将氚燃耗效率（TBE）提高至少一个数量级，而不会牺牲聚变功率输出。尽管先前的研究表明低氚比例可以提高TBE，但该策略导致聚变功率密度降低。本文报道的在固定功率下TBE的惊人提升，是由于TBE随氚比例降低而非线性增加，而聚变功率密度随D-T截面大致线性增加。针对一个使用非极化51:49 D-T燃料产生482 MW聚变功率的类ARC托卡马克进行了研究，发现最小启动氚存量（$I_{\mathrm{startup,min}}$）为0.69 kg。通过将一半燃料自旋极化并使用57:43 D-T混合燃料，$I_{\mathrm{startup,min}}$降至0.08 kg；将燃料完全自旋极化并使用61:39 D-T混合燃料，进一步将$I_{\mathrm{startup,min}}$降至0.03 kg。一些类ARC方案可以在相对适度的自旋极化条件下实现等离子体点火。这些发现表明，随着氦偏滤器抽气效率的提高，使用低氚比例和自旋极化燃料可以在功率损失最小的情况下实现约10-40%的TBE值。这将大幅降低氚启动存量需求并减少现场氚量。更普遍地，不仅限于自旋极化燃料，高等离子体性能也可用于提高TBE。这有力地推动了自旋极化燃料和低氚比例运行在燃烧等离子体中的发展。

英文摘要：

This study demonstrates that using spin-polarized deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel with more deuterium than tritium can increase tritium burn efficiency (TBE) by at least an order of magnitude without compromising fusion power output, compared to unpolarized fuel. Although previous studies show that a low tritium fraction can enhance TBE, this strategy resulted in reduced fusion power density. The surprising improvement in TBE at fixed power reported here is due to the TBE increasing nonlinearly with decreasing tritium fraction but the fusion power density increasing roughly linearly with D-T cross section. A study is performed for an ARC-like tokamak producing 482 MW of fusion power with unpolarized 51:49 D-T fuel, finding the minimum startup tritium inventory ($I_{\mathrm{startup,min}}$) is 0.69 kg. By spin-polarizing half of the fuel and using a 57:43 D-T mix, $I_{\mathrm{startup,min}}$ is reduced to 0.08 kg, and fully spin-polarizing the fuel with a 61:39 D-T mix further reduces $I_{\mathrm{startup,min}}$ to 0.03 kg. Some ARC-like scenarios could achieve plasma ignition with relatively modest spin polarization. These findings indicate that, with advancements in helium divertor pumping efficiency, TBE values of approximately 10-40% could be achieved using low-tritium-fraction and spin-polarized fuel with minimal power loss. This would dramatically lower tritium startup inventory requirements and reduce the amount of on-site tritium. More generally than just for spin-polarized fuels, high plasma performance can be used to increase TBE. This strongly motivates the development of spin-polarized fuels and low-tritium-fraction operation for burning plasmas.

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