Human action recognition in dark videos is a challenging task for computer vision. Recent research focuses on applying dark enhancement methods to improve the visibility of the video. However, such video processing results in the loss of critical information in the original (un-enhanced) video. Conversely, traditional two-stream methods are capable of learning information from both original and processed videos, but it can lead to a significant increase in the computational cost during the inference phase in the task of video classification. To address these challenges, we propose a novel teacher-student video classification framework, named Dual-Light KnowleDge Distillation for Action Recognition in the Dark (DL-KDD). This framework enables the model to learn from both original and enhanced video without introducing additional computational cost during inference. Specifically, DL-KDD utilizes the strategy of knowledge distillation during training. The teacher model is trained with enhanced video, and the student model is trained with both the original video and the soft target generated by the teacher model. This teacher-student framework allows the student model to predict action using only the original input video during inference. In our experiments, the proposed DL-KDD framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods on the ARID, ARID V1.5, and Dark-48 datasets. We achieve the best performance on each dataset and up to a 4.18% improvement on Dark-48, using only original video inputs, thus avoiding the use of two-stream framework or enhancement modules for inference. We further validate the effectiveness of the distillation strategy in ablative experiments. The results highlight the advantages of our knowledge distillation framework in dark human action recognition.
National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University（国立阳明交通大学）
Recently, Transformer-based methods have been utilized to improve the performance of human action recognition. However, most of these studies assume that multi-view data is complete, which may not always be the case in real-world scenarios. Therefore, this paper presents a novel Multi-view Knowledge Distillation Transformer (MKDT) framework that consists of a teacher network and a student network. This framework aims to handle incomplete human action problems in real-world applications. Specifically, the multi-view knowledge distillation transformer uses a hierarchical vision transformer with …
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST)（光州科学技术院）
Deep learning has achieved outstanding performance for face recognition benchmarks, but performance reduces significantly for low resolution (LR) images. We propose an attention similarity knowledge distillation approach, which transfers attention maps obtained from a high resolution (HR) network as a teacher into an LR network as a student to boost LR recognition performance. Inspired by humans being able to approximate an object's region from an LR image based on prior knowledge obtained from HR images, we designed the knowledge distillation loss using the cosine similarity to make the stude…
YITU Technology（依图科技）；Northeastern University of China（中国东北大学）
Knowledge Distillation (KD) refers to transferring knowledge from a large model to a smaller one, which is widely used to enhance model performance in machine learning. It tries to align embedding spaces generated from the teacher and the student model (i.e. to make images corresponding to the same semantics share the same embedding across different models). In this work, we focus on its application in face recognition. We observe that existing knowledge distillation models optimize the proxy tasks that force the student to mimic the teacher's behavior, instead of directly optimizing the face …
Revealing the Two Sides of Data Augmentation: An Asymmetric Distillation-based Win-Win Solution for Open-Set Recognition
School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University（吉林大学人工智能学院）；Institute of Computing Technology, CAS（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)（哈尔滨工业大学（深圳））；Institute of Automation, CAS（中国科学院自动化研究所）；DIDI（滴滴）
Deep learning has achieved remarkable progress for visual recognition on large-scale balanced datasets but still performs poorly on real-world long-tailed data. Previous methods often adopt class re-balanced training strategies to effectively alleviate the imbalance issue, but might be a risk of over-fitting tail classes. The recent decoupling method overcomes over-fitting issues by using a multi-stage training scheme, yet, it is still incapable of capturing tail class information in the feature learning stage. In this paper, we show that soft label can serve as a powerful solution to incorpor…
Deep palmprint recognition has become an emerging issue with great potential for personal authentication on handheld and wearable consumer devices. Previous studies of palmprint recognition are mainly based on constrained datasets collected by dedicated devices in controlled environments, which has to reduce the flexibility and convenience. In addition, general deep palmprint recognition algorithms are often too heavy to meet the real-time requirements of embedded system. In this paper, a new palmprint benchmark is established, which consists of more than 20,000 images collected by 5 brands of…
GaitKD: A Universal Decoupled Distillation Framework for Efficient Gait Recognition
The City University of New York（纽约城市大学）；Wuhan University（武汉大学）；Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学）；Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Oulu（奥卢大学）
TSCM: A Teacher-Student Model for Vision Place Recognition Using Cross-Metric Knowledge Distillation
Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering, Northeastern University（东北大学机器人科学与工程学院）；College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学智能科学学院）；SIASUN Robot& Automation Co., Ltd（新松机器人自动化股份有限公司）
How Knowledge Distillation Mitigates the Synthetic Gap in Fair Face Recognition
INESC TEC；Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto（波尔图大学工程学院）；Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor（马里博尔大学电气工程与计算机科学学院）
University of Surrey（萨里大学）；iFlyTek-Surrey Joint Research Centre on Artificial Intelligence（讯飞-萨里人工智能联合研究中心）
Text recognition remains a fundamental and extensively researched topic in computer vision, largely owing to its wide array of commercial applications. The challenging nature of the very problem however dictated a fragmentation of research efforts: Scene Text Recognition (STR) that deals with text in everyday scenes, and Handwriting Text Recognition (HTR) that tackles hand-written text. In this paper, for the first time, we argue for their unification -- we aim for a single model that can compete favourably with two separate state-of-the-art STR and HTR models. We first show that cross-utilisa…
Knowledge distillation (KD) is a widely-used technique that utilizes large networks to improve the performance of compact models. Previous KD approaches usually aim to guide the student to mimic the teacher's behavior completely in the representation space. However, such one-to-one corresponding constraints may lead to inflexible knowledge transfer from the teacher to the student, especially those with low model capacities. Inspired by the ultimate goal of KD methods, we propose a novel Evaluation oriented KD method (EKD) for deep face recognition to directly reduce the performance gap between…
Harbin Engineering University（哈尔滨工程大学）；Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering（西北机电工程研究所）
The goal of continuous sign language recognition(CSLR) research is to apply CSLR models as a communication tool in real life, and the real-time requirement of the models is important. In this paper, we address the model real-time problem through cross-resolution knowledge distillation. In our study, we found that keeping the frame-level feature scales consistent between the output of the student network and the teacher network is better than recovering the frame-level feature sizes for feature distillation. Based on this finding, we propose a new frame-level feature extractor that keeps the ou…
Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学）；City University of Hong Kong（香港城市大学）
Though convolutional neural networks are widely used in different tasks, lack of generalization capability in the absence of sufficient and representative data is one of the challenges that hinder their practical application. In this paper, we propose a simple, effective, and plug-and-play training strategy named Knowledge Distillation for Domain Generalization (KDDG) which is built upon a knowledge distillation framework with the gradient filter as a novel regularization term. We find that both the ``richer dark knowledge" from the teacher network, as well as the gradient filter we proposed, …
Sungkyunkwan University（成均馆大学）；Seoul National University（首尔国立大学）
Fairness is becoming an increasingly crucial issue for computer vision, especially in the human-related decision systems. However, achieving algorithmic fairness, which makes a model produce indiscriminative outcomes against protected groups, is still an unresolved problem. In this paper, we devise a systematic approach which reduces algorithmic biases via feature distillation for visual recognition tasks, dubbed as MMD-based Fair Distillation (MFD). While the distillation technique has been widely used in general to improve the prediction accuracy, to the best of our knowledge, there has been…
Grouped Knowledge Distillation for Deep Face Recognition
Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院信息工程研究所）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学网络空间安全学院）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）；Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Hong Kong Institute of Science & Innovation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院香港创新研究院人工智能与机器人中心）
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；National Engineering Laboratory for Speech and Language Information Processing（语音及语言信息处理国家工程实验室）
The technique of distillation helps transform cumbersome neural network into compact network so that the model can be deployed on alternative hardware devices. The main advantages of distillation based approaches include simple training process, supported by most off-the-shelf deep learning softwares and no special requirement of hardwares. In this paper, we propose a guideline to distill the architecture and knowledge of pre-trained standard CNNs simultaneously. We first make a quantitative analysis of the baseline network, including computational cost and storage overhead in different compon…
Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD（弗劳恩霍夫计算机图形研究所）；TU Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学）
The emergence of the global COVID-19 pandemic poses new challenges for biometrics. Not only are contactless biometric identification options becoming more important, but face recognition has also recently been confronted with the frequent wearing of masks. These masks affect the performance of previous face recognition systems, as they hide important identity information. In this paper, we propose a mask-invariant face recognition solution (MaskInv) that utilizes template-level knowledge distillation within a training paradigm that aims at producing embeddings of masked faces that are similar …
Hierarchical Augmentation and Distillation for Class Incremental Audio-Visual Video Recognition
School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学信息科学技术学院）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）
College of Computer Science, Nankai University（南开大学计算机学院）；MICC, University of Florence（佛罗伦萨大学MICC）；Huawei Kirin Solution（华为麒麟解决方案）
Most meta-learning approaches assume the existence of a very large set of labeled data available for episodic meta-learning of base knowledge. This contrasts with the more realistic continual learning paradigm in which data arrives incrementally in the form of tasks containing disjoint classes. In this paper we consider this problem of Incremental Meta-Learning (IML) in which classes are presented incrementally in discrete tasks. We propose an approach to IML, which we call Episodic Replay Distillation (ERD), that mixes classes from the current task with class exemplars from previous tasks whe…
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院计算技术研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Horizon Robotics（地平线机器人）
Unlike the conventional Knowledge Distillation (KD), Self-KD allows a network to learn knowledge from itself without any guidance from extra networks. This paper proposes to perform Self-KD from image Mixture (MixSKD), which integrates these two techniques into a unified framework. MixSKD mutually distills feature maps and probability distributions between the random pair of original images and their mixup images in a meaningful way. Therefore, it guides the network to learn cross-image knowledge by modelling supervisory signals from mixup images. Moreover, we construct a self-teacher network …
Visual Place Recognition in Forests with Depth-Aware Distillation
CSIRO Robotics, Brisbane, Australia（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织机器人实验室，布里斯班，澳大利亚）；University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia（昆士兰大学，布里斯班，澳大利亚）；Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia（昆士兰科技大学，布里斯班，澳大利亚）
Continuous Sign Language Recognition Based on Motor attention mechanism and frame-level Self-distillation
College of Intelligent Systems Science and Engineering, Harbin Engineering University（哈尔滨工程大学智能系统科学与工程学院）；Northwest Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering（西北机电工程研究所）
Xi’an Jiaotong University（西安交通大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；National University of Defense Technology（中国人民解放军国防科技大学）；Pensees Pte Ltd（Pensees私人有限公司）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）
Recent deep learning based face recognition methods have achieved great performance, but it still remains challenging to recognize very low-resolution query face like 28x28 pixels when CCTV camera is far from the captured subject. Such face with very low-resolution is totally out of detail information of the face identity compared to normal resolution in a gallery and hard to find corresponding faces therein. To this end, we propose a Resolution Invariant Model (RIM) for addressing such cross-resolution face recognition problems, with three distinct novelties. First, RIM is a novel and unified…
National Central University（国立中央大学）；Thai Nguyen University（太原大学）
Knowledge distillation is an effective transfer of knowledge from a heavy network (teacher) to a small network (student) to boost students' performance. Self-knowledge distillation, the special case of knowledge distillation, has been proposed to remove the large teacher network training process while preserving the student's performance. This paper introduces a novel Self-knowledge distillation approach via Siamese representation learning, which minimizes the difference between two representation vectors of the two different views from a given sample. Our proposed method, SKD-SRL, utilizes bo…
Nagoya University（名古屋大学）；Navier, Inc.（Navier公司）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Ritsumeikan University（立命馆大学）；Hitotsubashi University（一桥大学）
The number of traffic accidents has been continuously increasing in recent years worldwide. Many accidents are caused by distracted drivers, who take their attention away from driving. Motivated by the success of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in computer vision, many researchers developed CNN-based algorithms to recognize distracted driving from a dashcam and warn the driver against unsafe behaviors. However, current models have too many parameters, which is unfeasible for vehicle-mounted computing. This work proposes a novel knowledge-distillation-based framework to solve this problem.…
Nanjing University of Science and Technology（南京理工大学）
Human multimodal emotion recognition (MER) aims to perceive human emotions via language, visual and acoustic modalities. Despite the impressive performance of previous MER approaches, the inherent multimodal heterogeneities still haunt and the contribution of different modalities varies significantly. In this work, we mitigate this issue by proposing a decoupled multimodal distillation (DMD) approach that facilitates flexible and adaptive crossmodal knowledge distillation, aiming to enhance the discriminative features of each modality. Specially, the representation of each modality is decouple…
University of Massachusetts, Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）
Model compression and knowledge distillation have been successfully applied for cross-architecture and cross-domain transfer learning. However, a key requirement is that training examples are in correspondence across the domains. We show that in many scenarios of practical importance such aligned data can be synthetically generated using computer graphics pipelines allowing domain adaptation through distillation. We apply this technique to learn models for recognizing low-resolution images using labeled high-resolution images, non-localized objects using labeled localized objects, line-drawing…
Three-Stream Temporal-Shift Attention Network Based on Self-Knowledge Distillation for Micro-Expression Recognition
MOEMIL Laboratory, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China（电子科学与技术大学光电科学与工程学院）；School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科学与技术大学光电科学与工程学院）；UESTC-MIT Joint Institute of Intelligent Microtechnique, Yibin, 644000, China（UESTC-MIT智能微技术联合研究所）
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）
When recognizing emotions, subtle nuances in displays of emotion generate ambiguity or uncertainty in emotion perception. Emotion uncertainty has been previously interpreted as inter-rater disagreement among multiple annotators. In this paper, we consider a more common and challenging scenario: modeling emotion uncertainty when only single emotion labels are available. From a Bayesian perspective, we propose to use deep ensembles to capture uncertainty for multiple emotion descriptors, i.e., action units, discrete expression labels and continuous descriptors. We further apply iterative self-di…
Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics Research IGD（弗劳恩霍夫计算机图形研究所）；Mathematical and Applied Visual Computing, TU Darmstadt（达姆施塔特工业大学数学与应用视觉计算）
Deep neural networks have rapidly become the mainstream method for face recognition (FR). However, this limits the deployment of such models that contain an extremely large number of parameters to embedded and low-end devices. In this work, we present an extremely lightweight and accurate FR solution, namely PocketNet. We utilize neural architecture search to develop a new family of lightweight face-specific architectures. We additionally propose a novel training paradigm based on knowledge distillation (KD), the multi-step KD, where the knowledge is distilled from the teacher model to the stu…
Due to the collection of big data and the development of deep learning, research to predict human emotions in the wild is being actively conducted. We designed a multi-task model using ABAW dataset to predict valence-arousal, expression, and action unit through audio data and face images at in real world. We trained model from the incomplete label by applying the knowledge distillation technique. The teacher model was trained as a supervised learning method, and the student model was trained by using the output of the teacher model as a soft label. As a result we achieved 2.40 in Multi Task Le…
Decoupled Hierarchical Distillation for Multimodal Emotion Recognition
School of Computer Science and Engineering, and the Key Laboratory of New Generation Artificial Intelligence Technology and Its Interdisciplinary Applications, Southeast University（计算机科学与工程学院，新一代人工智能技术及跨学科应用重点实验室，东南大学）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology（计算机科学与工程学院，南京理工大学）；Institute of Intelligent Information Processing, Taizhou University（智能信息处理研究院，台州大学）；School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（工程科学学院，中国科学院大学）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University（计算机科学与工程学院，南洋理工大学）
Airdoc LLC（鹰瞳科技）；Monash University（莫纳什大学）；Harbin Engineering University（哈尔滨工程大学）；The University of Sydney（悉尼大学）；Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence（起源人工智能研究院）
In the real world, medical datasets often exhibit a long-tailed data distribution (i.e., a few classes occupy most of the data, while most classes have rarely few samples), which results in a challenging imbalance learning scenario. For example, there are estimated more than 40 different kinds of retinal diseases with variable morbidity, however with more than 30+ conditions are very rare from the global patient cohorts, which results in a typical long-tailed learning problem for deep learning-based screening models. In this study, we propose class subset learning by dividing the long-tailed d…
Real-world imagery is often characterized by a significant imbalance of the number of images per class, leading to long-tailed distributions. An effective and simple approach to long-tailed visual recognition is to learn feature representations and a classifier separately, with instance and class-balanced sampling, respectively. In this work, we introduce a new framework, by making the key observation that a feature representation learned with instance sampling is far from optimal in a long-tailed setting. Our main contribution is a new training method, referred to as Class-Balanced Distillati…
Presence of noise in the labels of large scale facial expression datasets has been a key challenge towards Facial Expression Recognition (FER) in the wild. During early learning stage, deep networks fit on clean data. Then, eventually, they start overfitting on noisy labels due to their memorization ability, which limits FER performance. This work proposes an effective training strategy in the presence of noisy labels, called as Consensual Collaborative Training (CCT) framework. CCT co-trains three networks jointly using a convex combination of supervision loss and consistency loss, without ma…
