具有泵浦音与信号音本征分离功能的超导谐振器参量放大器
Superconducting resonator parametric amplifiers with intrinsic separation of pump and signal tones
AI总结：
本文提出在低温环行器后运行半波超导谐振器放大器的本征泵浦分离方案，无需相位匹配，并在 NbN 器件上验证了高增益、稳定运行和有效泵浦抑制。
摘要：
超导谐振器参量放大器通过薄膜超导体的非线性动生电感实现超低噪声放大。这些器件运行的主要挑战之一，是在完成放大后将强泵浦音与信号音分离。本文提出并通过实验演示了一种泵浦分离方法，其基础是在低温环行器后方运行半波超导谐振器放大器。我们的泵浦分离方案不涉及放大后干涉，因此避免了两条不同泵浦路径之间精细的相位匹配。我们使用基于超导 NbN 薄膜的双端口半波谐振器放大器演示了该方案。对于具有不同耦合品质因数的放大器，我们给出了增益曲线和泵浦分离程度的测量结果。在耦合品质因数约为 2000 的放大器上，我们测得峰值信号增益为 15 dB，同时实现了 12 dB 的泵浦分离。该放大器在连续测量中保持稳定，测得一小时内增益漂移为 0.15 dB。同一放大器在 3.2 K 下运行，实现了 11 dB 的峰值信号增益，泵浦分离因子为 10.5 dB。该泵浦分离方案以及这些有前景的结果，将推动超导谐振器放大器作为量子传感中一项重要技术的发展。
英文摘要：
Superconducting resonator parametric amplifiers achieve ultra-low-noise amplification through the nonlinear kinetic inductance of thin-film superconductors. One of the main challenges to the operation of these devices is the separation of the strong pump tone from the signal tone after amplification has been achieved. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a pump separation method based on operating a half-wave superconducting resonator amplifier behind a cryogenic circulator. Our pump separation scheme does not involve post-amplification interference, and thereby avoids the delicate phase matching of two different pump paths. We demonstrate the scheme using two-port half-wave resonator amplifiers based on superconducting NbN thin-films. We present measurements of gain profiles and degrees of pump separation for amplifiers having different coupling quality factors. On an amplifier having a coupling quality factor of $\sim2000$, we measured a peak signal gain of $15\,\mathrm{dB}$ whilst achieving pump separation of $12\,\mathrm{dB}$. The amplifier was stable for continuous measurements, and the gain drift was measured to be $0.15\,\mathrm{dB}$ over an hour. The same amplifier was operated at $3.2\,\mathrm{K}$ and achieved a peak signal gain of $11\,\mathrm{dB}$ whilst having a pump separation factor of $10.5\,\mathrm{dB}$. The pump separation scheme, and these promising results, will advance the development of superconducting resonator amplifiers as an important technology in quantum sensing.
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