形状至关重要：理解电极几何形状对电池电阻与化学-机械应力的影响
Shape matters: Understanding the effect of electrode geometry on cell resistance and chemo-mechanical stress
AI总结：
本文通过静电学与化学-力学模型研究正弦半电池和叉指全电池，揭示成型电极虽显著降低电阻但会引发应力集中，并指出完全叉指设计在电学与机械性能之间取得最佳平衡。
摘要：
与传统的平面阴极和阳极夹持电解质的几何结构相比，采用三维成型电极的可充电电池在相同占地面积下已被证明具有更高的功率密度和能量密度。电极可以通过成型设计来实现更高的活性材料负载量，同时保持较短的离子传输距离，然而，其电学性能与机械性能之间的关系仍缺乏深入理解。目前已探索了多种电极形状，包括电极单独成型或彼此交织的设计。制造技术的进步以及形状与拓扑优化方法的发展使这类设计成为现实。本文研究了正弦形半电池和叉指型全电池。首先，我们采用简单的静电学模型来理解电池电阻随形状变化的规律，重点关注低温条件，此时电解质电导率下降，控制无量纲参数发生变化。其次，我们利用化学-力学模型考察由嵌入驱动的体积膨胀所导致的应力集中现象。结果表明，成型电极能够显著降低电阻，但同时会产生不利的应力集中。总体而言，我们发现完全叉指型电极可能在这一权衡中提供最佳的平衡。
英文摘要：
Rechargeable batteries that incorporate shaped three-dimensional electrodes have been shown to have increased power and energy densities for a given footprint area when compared to a conventional geometry, i.e., a planar cathode and anode that sandwich an electrolyte. Electrodes can be shaped to enable a higher loading of active material, while keeping the ion transport distance small, however, the relationship between electrical and mechanical performance remains poorly understood. A variety of electrode shapes have been explored, where the electrodes are individually shaped or intertwined with one another. Advances in manufacturing and shape and topology optimization have made such designs a reality. In this paper, we explore sinusoidal half cells and interdigitated full cells. First, we use a simple electrostatics model to understand the cell resistance as a function of shape. We focus on low-temperature conditions, where the electrolyte conductivity decreases and the governing dimensionless parameters change. Next, we use a chemo-mechanics model to examine the stress concentrations that arise due to intercalation-driven volume expansion. We show that shaped electrodes provide a significant reduction in resistance, however, they result in unfavorable stress concentrations. Overall, we find that the fully interdigitated electrodes may provide the best balance with respect to this trade-off.
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