首个 Palomar Gattini-IR J波段光变曲线目录：构建与公开数据发布
The first Palomar Gattini-IR catalog of J-band light curves: construction and public data release
AI总结：
本文发布了 Palomar Gattini-IR 巡天首批覆盖前四年的 J 波段光变曲线目录，包含约 2.86 亿个源的 500 亿次测光数据，并验证了其测光保真度，为未来红外巡天奠定基础。
摘要：
Palomar Gattini-IR (PGIR) 是一项广域综合红外时域巡天，覆盖约 15000 平方度的可观测天空，观测节奏约为 1-3 晚一次，在银河系内外的深度分别达到 J≈13.0 和约 14.9 Vega 星等。在此，我们发布了该巡天覆盖区域内 2MASS 源 J 波段光变曲线的首批数据，涵盖大约前四年的运行数据。我们描述了基于 2MASS 点源构建源目录的过程，随后介绍了曝光筛选标准和强制 PSF 测光。该目录包含约 2.86 亿个独立源的光变曲线（2MASS 星等为 J < 15.5 mag），共有约 500 亿次测光测量和约 200 亿次信噪比 > 3 的独立源探测。我们通过以下方式验证了目录的测光保真度：i) 量化相对于 2MASS 的依赖于星等的测光精度和不确定性；ii) 与已知变源的强制 PGIR 孔径测光结果进行比较。我们提出了用于选择可靠测光测量的简单筛选标准，并为用户提供了 Python 笔记本示例。该目录是迄今为止最大的夜间节奏综合红外光变曲线汇编之一，可媲美最大规模的光学巡天，为未来十年的红外巡天奠定了基石。
英文摘要：
Palomar Gattini-IR (PGIR) is a wide-field, synoptic infrared time domain survey covering $\approx 15000$\,sq.\,deg. of the \textbf{accessible} sky at $\approx 1-3$\,night cadence to a depth of $J\approx 13.0$ and $\approx 14.9$\,Vega mag in and outside the Galactic plane, respectively. Here, we present the first data release of $J$-band light curves of 2MASS sources within the survey footprint covering approximately the first four years of operations. We describe the construction of the source catalog based on 2MASS point sources, followed by exposure filtering criteria and forced PSF photometry. The catalog contains light curves of $\approx 286$\,million unique sources with 2MASS magnitudes of $J < 15.5$\,mag, with a total of $\approx 50$\,billion photometric measurements and $\approx 20$\,billion individual source detections at signal-to-noise-ratio $> 3$. We demonstrate the photometric fidelity of the catalog by i) quantifying the magnitude-dependent accuracy and uncertainty of the photometry with respect to 2MASS and ii) comparing against forced PGIR aperture photometry for known variable sources. We present simple filtering criteria for selecting reliable photometric measurements as well as example \texttt{Python} notebooks for users. This catalog is textbf{one of} the largest compilation of nightly cadence, synoptic infrared light curves to date, comparable to those in the largest optical surveys, providing a stepping stone to upcoming infrared surveys in the coming decade.
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