arXiv 2406.014822024-06physics.atom-phquant-ph

用于高保真双量子比特门的 $^{171}$Yb 里德堡态光谱学与建模

Spectroscopy and modeling of $^{171}$Yb Rydberg states for high-fidelity two-qubit gates

Michael Peper, Yiyi Li, Daniel Y. Knapp, Mila Bileska, Shuo Ma, Genyue Liu, Pai Peng, Bichen Zhang, Sebastian P. Horvath, Alex P. Burgers, Jeff D. Thompson

备注：: 85 pages, 23 figures, 43 tables

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AI总结：

本文提出了针对高激发Yb里德堡态的多通道量子亏损模型，通过光谱学实验验证其准确性，并基于此模型识别出影响纠缠门保真度的异常Förster共振，最终选用更合适的态实现了0.994(1)的高保真双量子比特门。

摘要：

高激发里德堡态及其相互作用在量子计算和量子模拟中扮演着重要角色。对于具有简单里德堡能级结构的碱金属原子，这些性质可以被准确预测。然而，将这些方法扩展到更复杂的原子（如碱土金属原子）尚未得到证明或实验验证。在此，我们提出了针对 $L \leq 2$ 的高激发 $^{174}$Yb 和 $^{171}$Yb 里德堡态的多通道量子亏损（MQDT）模型。这些模型是结合现有文献数据与原子束中新的高精度激光和微波光谱学技术构建的，并通过与实验测量的斯塔克位移和磁矩的详细比较进行了验证。随后，我们利用这些模型计算了两个 Yb 原子之间的相互作用势，发现其与光镊阵列中的直接测量结果高度吻合。基于计算出的相互作用势，我们识别出一个异常的 Förster 共振，该共振很可能降低了先前在 $^{171}$Yb 中使用 $F=3/2$ 里德堡态实现纠缠门的保真度。接着，我们确定了一个更合适的 $F=1/2$ 态，并实现了最先进的受控-Z（controlled-Z）门，其保真度达到 $F=0.994(1)$，且剩余误差完全可由已知来源解释。这项工作为利用 Yb 中性原子阵列继续发展量子计算、模拟和纠缠增强计量学奠定了坚实基础。

英文摘要：

Highly excited Rydberg states and their interactions play an important role in quantum computing and simulation. These properties can be predicted accurately for alkali atoms with simple Rydberg level structures. However, an extension of these methods to more complex atoms such as alkaline-earth atoms has not been demonstrated or experimentally validated. Here, we present multichannel quantum defect (MQDT) models for highly excited $^{174}$Yb and $^{171}$Yb Rydberg states with $L \leq 2$. The models are developed using a combination of existing literature data and new, high-precision laser and microwave spectroscopy in an atomic beam, and validated by detailed comparison with experimentally measured Stark shifts and magnetic moments. We then use these models to compute interaction potentials between two Yb atoms, and find excellent agreement with direct measurements in an optical tweezer array. From the computed interaction potential, we identify an anomalous Förster resonance that likely degraded the fidelity of previous entangling gates in $^{171}$Yb using $F=3/2$ Rydberg states. We then identify a more suitable $F=1/2$ state, and achieve a state-of-the-art controlled-Z gate fidelity of $F=0.994(1)$, with the remaining error fully explained by known sources. This work establishes a solid foundation for the continued development of quantum computing, simulation and entanglement-enhanced metrology with Yb neutral atom arrays.

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