多分散与单分散微泡：对比增强超声成像的模拟研究
Polydisperse versus monodisperse microbubbles: A simulation study for contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging
AI总结：
本研究通过数值模拟对比多分散与单分散微泡在对比增强超声成像中的表现，发现共振单分散微泡散射强11.8dB但伪影幅度高19.4dB，虽更有效但易误分类，为造影剂优化提供参考。
摘要：
对比增强超声（CEUS）在诊断超声成像中具有显著优势。利用微泡（MBs）作为常规造影剂可增强血管可视化和器官灌注，促进实时、无创的检查流程。目前存在一种趋势，即用新型单分散制剂替代传统多分散MBs，以优化对比增强效果、保证一致的行为和可靠的成像结果。本研究探讨了不同尺寸单分散MBs实现的对比增强效果，以及它们对传统CEUS中观察到的非线性成像伪影的影响。为在不过度实验的情况下探究单分散与多分散群体的差异，本研究采用数值模拟以提供精确、客观且快速的结果。迭代非线性对比源（INCS）方法此前已证明其在模拟大型群体中超声传播的有效性，该群体中每个气泡具有个体特性且多阶多重散射显著。我们在CEUS成像中的发现表明，共振单分散微泡的散射比多分散群体强11.8 dB。此外，单分散群体下游的非线性成像伪影幅度比多分散悬浮液强19.4 dB。对比多分散群体与各种单分散悬浮液的多重散射影响后发现，单分散MBs是更有效的造影剂，尤其是在共振状态下。尽管单分散群体的信噪比高，但非线性波传播导致的成像伪影也会增强，从而导致更多MBs被误分类为组织。
英文摘要：
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) presents distinct advantages in diagnostic echography. Utilizing microbubbles (MBs) as conventional contrast agents enhances vascular visualization and organ perfusion, facilitating real-time, non-invasive procedures. There is a current tendency to replace the traditional polydisperse MBs by novel monodisperse formulations in an attempt to optimize contrast enhancement and guarantee consistent behavior and reliable imaging outcomes. This study investigates the contrast enhancement achieved by monodisperse MBs of different sizes, and their influence on nonlinear imaging artifacts observed in traditional CEUS. To explore the differences between monodisperse and polydisperse populations without excessive experimentation, numerical simulations are employed for delivering precise, objective and expeditious results. The Iterative Nonlinear Contrast Source (INCS) method has previously demonstrated its efficacy in simulating ultrasound propagation in large populations in which each bubble has individual properties and several orders of multiple scattering are significant. Our findings in CEUS imaging indicate that scattering from resonant monodisperse microbubbles is 11.8 dB stronger than scattering from the polydisperse population. Furthermore, the amplitude of nonlinear imaging artifacts downstream of the monodisperse population is 19.4 dB stronger compared to polydisperse suspension. Investigating the impact of multiple scattering on polydisperse populations compared to various monodisperse suspensions reveals that monodisperse MBs are more effective contrast agents, especially when on resonance. Despite the strong signal to noise ratio of monodisperse populations, the imaging artifacts due to nonlinear wave propagation are also enhanced, resulting in more missclassification of MBs as tissue.
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