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arXiv 2405.08855astro-ph.HE
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最高能暂现源:大质量恒星的潮汐瓦解

The Most Energetic Transients: Tidal Disruptions of High-Mass Stars

Jason T. Hinkle, Benjamin J. Shappee, Katie Auchettl, Christopher S. Kochanek, Jack M. M. Neustadt, Abigail Polin, Jay Strader, Thomas W. -S. Holoien, Mark E. H… 展开作者

Jason T. Hinkle, Benjamin J. Shappee, Katie Auchettl, Christopher S. Kochanek, Jack M. M. Neustadt, Abigail Polin, Jay Strader, Thomas W. -S. Holoien, Mark E. Huber, Michael A. Tucker, Christopher Ashall, Thomas de Jaeger, Dhvanil D. Desai, Aaron Do, Willem B. Hoogendam, Anna V. Payne

AI总结:

本文提出极端核暂现源(ENTs)这一新类别,以 Gaia18cdj 为代表,其超高能量和长时标耀发特征排除了超新星起源,最可能由大质量恒星被超大质量黑洞潮汐瓦解产生,并可用于研究高红移超大质量黑洞质量分布的高质量端。

摘要:

我们提出极端核暂现源(ENTs)这一类天体,其中包括迄今已发现的最剧烈的单次暂现源 Gaia18cdj。每一个 ENT 都与其宿主星系核位置重合,并表现出平滑(超额变化 <10%)、高光度(2×10^45 至 7×10^45 erg s^-1)且持续时间长(>150 天)的耀发。与任何其他已知暂现源类别相比,ENTs 极为罕见(≥1×10^-3 Gpc^-3 yr^-1)。它们的能量(0.5×10^53 至 2.5×10^53 erg)至少是任何其他已知暂现源的两倍,从而排除了超新星起源。相反,ENTs 的高峰值光度、长耀发时标和巨大的辐射能量最符合大质量(≳3 M_⊙)恒星被大质量(≳10^8 M_⊙)超大质量黑洞(SMBHs)潮汐瓦解的解释。在即将开展的巡天中,ENTs 将可观测到高红移(z~4 至 6),为研究超大质量黑洞质量分布的高质量端提供途径,并与近期利用詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜对高红移活跃吸积超大质量黑洞的研究形成互补。

英文摘要:

We present the class of extreme nuclear transients (ENTs), including the most energetic single transient yet discovered, Gaia18cdj. Each ENT is coincident with its host-galaxy nucleus and exhibits a smooth ($<$$10$% excess variability), luminous ($2\times$$10^{45}$ to $7\times$$10^{45}$ erg s$^{-1}$), and long-lived ($>$$150$ days) flare. ENTs are extremely rare ($\geq$$1$$\times$$10^{-3}$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$) compared to any other known class of transients. They are at least twice as energetic ($0.5\times10^{53}$ to $2.5\times10^{53}$ erg) as any other known transient, ruling out supernova origins. Instead, the high peak luminosities, long flare timescales, and immense radiated energies of the ENTs are most consistent with the tidal disruption of high-mass ($\gtrsim$$3$ M$_{\odot}$) stars by massive ($\gtrsim$$10^8$ M$_{\odot}$) supermassive black holes (SMBHs). ENTs will be visible to high redshifts ($z\sim4$ to $6$) in upcoming surveys, providing an avenue to study the high-mass end of the SMBH mass distribution, complementing recent studies of actively accreting SMBHs at high redshifts with the James Webb Space Telescope.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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