该综述首次全面梳理2G到5G的RAN安全演进，深入分析6G Open RAN中核心组件RIC的安全漏洞、真实事件、缓解策略及安全机遇，为电信行业构建安全可靠的6G基础设施提供参考与研究方向指引。
摘要：
开放无线接入网（Open RAN）框架正作为支持人工智能（AI）的第六代（6G）移动网络的基石兴起，预示着无线接入网架构的变革性转变。随着 Open RAN 应用加速推进，保障其安全性变得至关重要。RAN 智能控制器（RIC）通过提升网络效率与灵活性，在 Open RAN 中发挥核心作用。然而，它也带来了需要仔细审视的潜在安全风险。因此，全面评估 RIC 安全的当前状态势在必行，这一评估对于深入理解与 RIC 相关的安全考量至关重要。本综述结合了对从 2G 到 5G 演进的 RAN 安全的全面分析，以及对 RIC 安全的深入探究，是现有文献中首次开展的此类综合研究。文章生动阐述了涉及 RIC 的真实安全事件，提供了实践洞见。该研究评估了 6G Open RAN 背景下 RIC 的安全影响，探讨了安全漏洞、缓解策略及潜在增强方案，旨在引导电信行业利益相关者构建安全可靠的电信基础设施。本文可作为宝贵参考，阐明 RIC 在更广泛网络基础设施中的关键作用，并强调安全的至高重要性。本综述还探讨了 RIC 在 6G 移动网络背景下为增强网络安全与韧性所带来的可观安全机遇，概述了 6G 开放 RAN 智能控制领域的未决问题、经验教训与未来研究方向，助力全面理解这一动态领域。
英文摘要：
The Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) framework, emerging as the cornerstone for Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled Sixth-Generation (6G) mobile networks, heralds a transformative shift in radio access network architecture. As the adoption of Open RAN accelerates, ensuring its security becomes critical. The RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) plays a central role in Open RAN by improving network efficiency and flexibility. Nevertheless, it also brings about potential security risks that need careful scrutiny. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate the current state of RIC security comprehensively. This assessment is essential to gain a profound understanding of the security considerations associated with RIC. This survey combines a comprehensive analysis of RAN security, tracing its evolution from 2G to 5G, with an in-depth exploration of RIC security, marking the first comprehensive examination of its kind in the literature. Real-world security incidents involving RIC are vividly illustrated, providing practical insights. The study evaluates the security implications of the RIC within the 6G Open RAN context, addressing security vulnerabilities, mitigation strategies, and potential enhancements. It aims to guide stakeholders in the telecom industry toward a secure and dependable telecommunications infrastructure. The article serves as a valuable reference, shedding light on the RIC's crucial role within the broader network infrastructure and emphasizing security's paramount importance. This survey also explores the promising security opportunities that the RIC presents for enhancing network security and resilience in the context of 6G mobile networks. It outlines open issues, lessons learned, and future research directions in the domain of intelligent control in 6G open RAN, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of this dynamic landscape.
ML-based handover prediction over a real O-RAN deployment using RAN Intelligent controller
School of Computer Science and Statistics, Trinity College Dublin（都柏林圣三一大学计算机科学与统计学院）；Federal University of Espirito Santo（圣埃斯皮里图联邦大学）；Rivada Networks（里瓦达网络公司）
LLM-hRIC: LLM-empowered Hierarchical RAN Intelligent Control for O-RAN
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University（延世大学电气与电子工程学院）；Information System Technology and Design, Singapore University of Technology and Design（新加坡科技与设计大学信息系统技术与设计）
Intelligent Hybrid Resource Allocation in MEC-assisted RAN Slicing Network
School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University（东南大学信息科学与工程学院）；Purple Mountain Laboratories（紫金山实验室）；Singapore University of Technology and Design（新加坡科技设计大学）
