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arXiv 2405.04419stat.ME
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主因果效应的可迁移性

Transportability of Principal Causal Effects

Justin M. Clark, Kollin W. Rott, James S. Hodges, Jared D. Huling

AI总结:

本文提出主分层框架,用于识别和估计迁移到目标人群的、以依从行为为条件的主因果效应,并发展非参数效率理论及高效估计量,通过模拟验证其性能。

摘要:

因果推断领域的最新研究在解决试验结果外部有效性的挑战方面取得了重要进展。此类方法对试验参与者数据进行加权,使其更接近定义明确的目标人群中效应修饰协变量的分布。在参与者不遵守研究用药的情况下,这些方法有效地迁移了意向治疗效应,该效应平均了异质性的依从行为。在本文中,我们开发了一个主分层框架,以识别同时以依从行为和目标人群成员身份为条件的因果效应。我们还为非参数效率理论进行了发展,并为这种“迁移的”主因果效应构建了高效估计量,并在模拟实验中刻画了其有限样本性能。虽然本工作聚焦于治疗不依从性,但该框架适用于广泛的一类估计目标,这些目标针对临床相关、可能为潜在的目标人群子集的效果。

英文摘要:

Recent research in causal inference has made important progress in addressing challenges to the external validity of trial findings. Such methods weight trial participant data to more closely resemble the distribution of effect-modifying covariates in a well-defined target population. In the presence of participant non-adherence to study medication, these methods effectively transport an intention-to-treat effect that averages over heterogeneous compliance behaviors. In this paper, we develop a principal stratification framework to identify causal effects conditioning on both compliance behavior and membership in the target population. We also develop non-parametric efficiency theory for and construct efficient estimators of such "transported" principal causal effects and characterize their finite-sample performance in simulation experiments. While this work focuses on treatment non-adherence, the framework is applicable to a broad class of estimands that target effects in clinically-relevant, possibly latent subsets of a target population.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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