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arXiv 2405.01320cond-mat.mtrl-sciphysics.chem-phphysics.comp-ph
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基于原子势描述符的晶体缺陷无监督识别

Unsupervised identification of crystal defects from atomistic potential descriptors

Lukáš Kývala, Pablo Montero De Hijes, Christoph Dellago

AI总结:

本文比较PCA、UMAP和PaCMAP三种无监督算法,利用分子动力学原子势描述符识别硅和水体系中的晶体缺陷、相及冰成核晶核,发现PaCMAP总体更稳健,UMAP在类别不平衡时更优。

摘要:

识别晶体缺陷对于揭示许多物理现象的起源至关重要。传统使用的序参量依赖于具体体系,并且在长时分子动力学模拟中计算代价可能很高。无监督算法提供了一种独立于所研究体系的替代方案,并且可以利用分子动力学模拟中预先计算好的原子势描述符。我们比较了三种此类算法(PCA、UMAP 和 PaCMAP)在硅和水体系上的性能。首先,我们评估这些算法识别相的能力,包括晶体多晶型和熔体,随后将分析扩展到识别间隙原子、空位和界面。虽然发现 PCA 不适合有效分类,但已证明它是 UMAP 和 PaCMAP 的合适初始化方法。UMAP 和 PaCMAP 总体上均显示出有前景的结果,其中 PaCMAP 在分类中表现出更强的稳健性,但在类别严重不平衡的情况下,UMAP 表现更好。值得注意的是,两种算法都成功识别了过冷水中的晶核,证明了它们在水中冰成核问题上的适用性。

英文摘要:

Identifying crystal defects is vital for unraveling the origins of many physical phenomena. Traditionally used order parameters are system-dependent and can be computationally expensive to calculate for long molecular dynamics simulations. Unsupervised algorithms offer an alternative independent of the studied system and can utilize precalculated atomistic potential descriptors from molecular dynamics simulations. We compare the performance of three such algorithms (PCA, UMAP, and PaCMAP) on silicon and water systems. Initially, we evaluate the algorithms for recognizing phases, including crystal polymorphs and the melt, followed by an extension of our analysis to identify interstitials, vacancies, and interfaces. While PCA is found unsuitable for effective classification, it has been shown to be a suitable initialization for UMAP and PaCMAP. Both UMAP and PaCMAP show promising results overall, with PaCMAP proving more robust in classification, except in cases of significant class imbalance, where UMAP performs better. Notably, both algorithms successfully identify nuclei in supercooled water, demonstrating their applicability to ice nucleation in water.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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