arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2103.13795cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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用于实验材料性能预测的原子图网络

Atomistic graph networks for experimental materials property prediction

Tian Xie, Victor Bapst, Alexander L. Gaunt, Annette Obika, Trevor Back, Demis Hassabis, Pushmeet Kohli, James Kirkpatrick

摘要:

机器学习(ML)有可能加速新材料的发现,并揭示现有材料的有用特性。在材料科学中应用ML的一个关键困难是材料特性的实验数据集往往很小。在这项工作中,我们展示了如何从材料模拟的大规模数据集中的结构中学习材料描述符;以及如何使用这些描述符来改善实验性质的预测,即固体形成的能量。材料描述符通过训练图神经网络来学习,以从材料的原子结构回归模拟的形成能。使用这些学习到的特征进行实验性质预测,优于仅基于化学成分的现有方法。此外,我们发现,随着任务的泛化要求变得更加严格,例如当限制训练数据量或泛化到看不见的化学空间时,我们的方法的优势会增加。

英文摘要:

Machine Learning (ML) has the potential to accelerate discovery of new materials and shed light on useful properties of existing materials. A key difficulty when applying ML in Materials Science is that experimental datasets of material properties tend to be small. In this work we show how material descriptors can be learned from the structures present in large scale datasets of material simulations; and how these descriptors can be used to improve the prediction of an experimental property, the energy of formation of a solid. The material descriptors are learned by training a Graph Neural Network to regress simulated formation energies from a material's atomistic structure. Using these learned features for experimental property predictions outperforms existing methods that are based solely on chemical composition. Moreover, we find that the advantage of our approach increases as the generalization requirements of the task are made more stringent, for example when limiting the amount of training data or when generalizing to unseen chemical spaces.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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