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arXiv 2405.00549cs.DC
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以太坊共识协议的快速确认规则

A Fast Confirmation Rule for the Ethereum Consensus Protocol

Ethereum Foundation(以太坊基金会);Consensys;University of Canterbury(坎特伯雷大学)

Roberto Saltini, Mikhail Kalinin, Luca Zanolini, Francesco D'Amato, Aditya Asgaonkar, Chenyi Zhang

AI总结:

研究针对以太坊共识协议Gasper速度慢的问题,设计快速确认规则(FCR),在同步及特定假设下实现最佳确认时间12秒,相比现有规则有数量级提升,且与最终确定互补,满足安全性和单调性。

摘要:

确认规则是网络节点运行的算法,用于确定一个区块是否会永久留在规范链中。以太坊共识协议Gasper中目前唯一的确认规则是FFG最终确定,它虽能容忍异步网络条件,但速度慢,交易确认最佳情况需13到19分钟。我们为Gasper设计了快速确认规则(FCR),在同步及本文假设下,最佳确认时间为12秒即一个时隙,相比FFG最终确定有数量级提升。该规则与最终确定互补,信任同步的用户能快速确认,最终确定作为容忍异步的后备。Gasper是一种涨落协议,结合了LMD - GHOST和FFG - Casper。主要技术难点是联合考虑这两个组件,使LMD - GHOST确认的区块不被FFG - Casper规则过滤。我们证明该规则满足安全性(确认区块保持规范)和单调性(确认区块在未来始终保持确认)。

英文摘要:

A Confirmation Rule is an algorithm run by network nodes to determine whether a block will remain permanently in the canonical chain. The only Confirmation Rule currently available in Ethereum's consensus protocol, Gasper, is FFG finalization. While it tolerates asynchronous network conditions, it is slow: in the best case, a transaction takes 13 to 19 minutes to confirm, depending on when it is submitted. We devise a Fast Confirmation Rule (FCR) for Gasper that, under synchrony and the assumptions stated in this paper, achieves a best-case confirmation time of 12 seconds, a single slot, providing an order-of-magnitude improvement over FFG finalization. The rule is complementary to finalization: users who trust synchrony obtain fast confirmations, while finalization remains available as a fallback that tolerates asynchrony. Gasper is an ebb-and-flow protocol: it combines LMD-GHOST, a fork-choice rule providing fast progress under synchrony, with FFG-Casper, a finality gadget providing finality under partial synchrony. The main technical difficulty is to reason jointly about these two components, so that a block confirmed by LMD-GHOST cannot be filtered out by FFG-Casper's rules. We prove that the rule satisfies both safety, confirmed blocks remain canonical, and monotonicity, a confirmed block remains confirmed at all future times.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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