一种用于帕金森病基于MRI评估纹状体多巴胺转运蛋白摄取的对称回归器，具有增强的不确定性估计
A Symmetric Regressor for MRI-Based Assessment of Striatal Dopamine Transporter Uptake in Parkinson's Disease With Enhanced Uncertainty Estimation
AI总结：
本文提出一种对称回归器，从黑质MRI patch预测帕金森病纹状体多巴胺转运蛋白摄取量，利用左右对称性提升预测性能与不确定性估计精度。
摘要：
多巴胺转运蛋白（DAT）成像常用于监测帕金森病（PD），通过计算纹状体DAT摄取量来评估PD严重程度。然而，DAT成像成本高、存在辐射暴露风险，且在普通诊所中不可用。最近，黑质区域的MRI patch被提出作为一种更安全、更简便的替代方案。本文提出了一种对称回归器，用于从黑质MRI patch预测DAT摄取量。考虑到左右黑质之间的对称性，所提出的回归器包含一个配对输入-输出模型，可同时预测右侧和左侧纹状体的DAT摄取量。此外，它采用对称损失函数，对左右预测之间的差异施加约束，类似于两侧DAT摄取量的高相关性。另外，我们提出了一种对称蒙特卡洛（MC）dropout方法，利用上述对称性为DAT摄取预测提供丰富的不确定性估计。我们在734个黑质patch上评估了所提出的方法，结果表明，与标准回归器相比，对称回归器的性能显著提升，同时具有更好的可解释性和特征表示能力。对称MC dropout也给出了精确的不确定性区间，真实DAT摄取量以高概率落在该区间内。
英文摘要：
Dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging is commonly used for monitoring Parkinson's disease (PD), where striatal DAT uptake amount is computed to assess PD severity. However, DAT imaging has a high cost and the risk of radiance exposure and is not available in general clinics. Recently, MRI patch of the nigral region has been proposed as a safer and easier alternative. This paper proposes a symmetric regressor for predicting the DAT uptake amount from the nigral MRI patch. Acknowledging the symmetry between the right and left nigrae, the proposed regressor incorporates a paired input-output model that simultaneously predicts the DAT uptake amounts for both the right and left striata. Moreover, it employs a symmetric loss that imposes a constraint on the difference between right-to-left predictions, resembling the high correlation in DAT uptake amounts in the two lateral sides. Additionally, we propose a symmetric Monte-Carlo (MC) dropout method for providing a fruitful uncertainty estimate of the DAT uptake prediction, which utilizes the above symmetry. We evaluated the proposed approach on 734 nigral patches, which demonstrated significantly improved performance of the symmetric regressor compared with the standard regressors while giving better explainability and feature representation. The symmetric MC dropout also gave precise uncertainty ranges with a high probability of including the true DAT uptake amounts within the range.
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