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arXiv 2404.08798astro-ph.IMastro-ph.HE
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瞬变源分类器用于Fink:LSST的基准测试

Transient Classifiers for Fink: Benchmarks for LSST

B. M. O. Fraga, C. R. Bom, A. Santos, E. Russeil, M. Leoni, J. Peloton, E. E. O. Ishida, A. Möller, S. Blondin

AI总结:

本文为LSST准备Fink经纪人,利用ELAsTiCC模拟数据测试多种机器学习分类器,并引入新深度学习架构CATS,结果显示分类器性能良好,为处理LSST数据流奠定基础。

摘要:

即将到来的时空遗产巡天(LSST)预计每晚将探测到数百万个瞬变源,这将在整个十年的巡天期间产生实时警报流。该流将通过社区经纪人分发,其任务是选择流的子集并将其定向到科学社区。鉴于预期数据的体量和复杂性,机器学习算法对于此任务至关重要。我们展示了Fink经纪人为准备LSST而开发的基础设施测试和分类方法。这项工作旨在提供关于每个分类器背后基本假设和方法的详细信息,并使用户能够从Fink光度分类中做出明智的后续决策。利用ELAsTiCC的模拟数据,我们展示了Fink中可用的二分类和多分类机器学习分类器的性能。这些包括基于树的分类器,结合定制的特征提取策略以及深度学习算法。此外,我们介绍了CATS,一种专门为此任务设计的深度学习架构。我们的结果表明,Fink分类器能够处理预期来自LSST数据的额外复杂性。CATS在所有类别中实现了≥93%的精确率,除了'long'类(其实现了约83%),而我们表现最好的二分类器在对周期类进行分类时实现了≥98%的精确率和≥99%的完备率。ELAsTiCC是准备Fink基础设施以处理类似LSST数据的重要里程碑。我们的结果表明,Fink分类器已为新的数据流的到来做好了充分准备,但这项工作也强调,从当前基础设施过渡到Rubin将需要对当前可用的工具进行重大调整。这项工作是在正确方向上迈出的第一步。

英文摘要:

The upcoming Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) is expected to detect a few million transients per night, which will generate a live alert stream during the entire ten years of the survey. This stream will be distributed via community brokers whose task is to select subsets of the stream and direct them to scientific communities. Given the volume and complexity of the anticipated data, machine learning algorithms will be paramount for this task. We present the infrastructure tests and classification methods developed within the Fink broker in preparation for LSST. This work aims to provide detailed information regarding the underlying assumptions and methods behind each classifier and enable users to make informed follow-up decisions from Fink photometric classifications. Using simulated data from ELAsTiCC, we showcase the performance of binary and multi-class ML classifiers available in Fink. These include tree-based classifiers coupled with tailored feature extraction strategies as well as deep learning algorithms. Moreover, we introduce CATS, a deep learning architecture specifically designed for this task. Our results show that Fink classifiers are able to handle the extra complexity that is expected from LSST data. CATS achieved $\geq 93\%$ precision for all classes except `long' (for which it achieved $\sim 83\%$), while our best performing binary classifier achieves $\geq 98\%$ precision and $\geq 99\%$ completeness when classifying the periodic class. ELAsTiCC was an important milestone in preparing the Fink infrastructure to deal with LSST-like data. Our results demonstrate that Fink classifiers are well prepared for the arrival of the new stream, but this work also highlights that transitioning from the current infrastructures to Rubin will require significant adaptation of the currently available tools. This work was the first step in the right direction.

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