We explore how the definition of a void influences the conclusions drawn about the impact of the void environment on galactic properties using two void-finding algorithms in the Void Analysis Software Toolkit: V2, a Python implementation of ZOBOV, and VoidFinder, an algorithm which grows and merges spherical void regions. Using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we find that galaxies found in VoidFinder voids tend to be bluer, fainter, and have higher (specific) star formation rates than galaxies in denser regions. Conversely, galaxies found in V2 voids show no significant differences when compared to galaxies in denser regions, inconsistent with the large-scale environmental effects on galaxy properties expected from both simulations and previous observations. These results align with previous simulation results that show V2-identified voids "leaking" into the dense walls between voids because their boundaries extend up to the density maxima in the walls. As a result, when using ZOBOV-based void finders, galaxies likely to be part of wall regions are instead classified as void galaxies, a misclassification that can be critical to our understanding of galaxy evolution.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): The Bright Void Galaxy Population in the Optical and Mid-IR
我们研究星系的性质在星系和质量大会（GAMA）调查位于半径为$>10~h^{-1}$ Mpc的空隙。利用GAMA赤道巡天，592个空星系被识别出比$M_{r} = -18.4$（我们的星等完整性极限）亮z~0.1。利用$W_{\rm{Hα}}$与[NII]/H $α$（WHAN）谱线强度诊断图，我们将它们的谱线划分为恒星形成、活动星系核或由古老的恒星星族支配。对于质量大于$5\times10^{9}$ M $_{\odot}$的天体，我们在WHAN诊断图中识别出了26个具有老恒星星族的空星系样本，这些星系被归类为被动星系和退休星系，否则它们的光谱中没有任何发射线。当与WISE中红外测光匹配时，这些被动和退休的星系显示出一系列的中红外颜色，其中一些空洞星系显示出[4.6]-[12]与完全猝灭的恒星星族不一致的颜色，随机抽取的非空洞比较样本也显示出类似的颜色分布。我们假设，这些星系的主机模糊的恒星形成，否则他们是恒星形成的中心区域以外的单纤维光谱的目标。当匹配到随机抽取的非空星系样本时，空星系和非空星系在光学和中红外颜色、形态和恒星形成活动方面表现出相似的性质，这表明它们具有可比的质量组装和淬灭历史。在中红外[4.6]-[12]色中可以看到一种趋势，这样淬灭色/被动色<1.5的空星系和非空星系的质量通常都高于$10^{10}$ M $_{\odot}$，其中内部驱动过程在星系演化中扮演…
The main goal of this work is to form a large, deep and representative sample of dwarf galaxies residing in voids of the nearby Universe. The formed sample is the basement for the comprehensive mass study of the galaxy content, their evolutionary status, clustering and dynamics with respect to their counterparts residing in more typical, denser regions and for study of void small-scale substructures. We present 25 voids over the entire sky within 25 Mpc from the Local Group. They are defined as groups of lumped empty spheres bounded by `luminous' galaxies with the absolute K-band magnitudes br…
Galaxy interactions in void substructures: Morphology and stellar populations of two triplets from CAVITY
Universidad de Granada（格拉纳达大学）；Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)（南里奥格兰德联邦大学）；Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (IMEF – FURG)（里奥格兰德联邦大学）；University of Hertfordshire（赫特福德大学）
The origin of star-formation in customarily passively evolving early-type massive galaxies is poorly understood. We present a case study of a massive galaxy, I~Zw~81, inside the Bootes void. The void galaxy is known to host an active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our detailed 2D decomposition of the surface brightness distribution in the $Canada$ $France$ $Hawaii$ $Telescope$ ($CFHT$) g- and r-bands revealed multiple structural components such as a nuclear point source, a bar, a ring, and an inner exponential disk followed by an outer low surface brightness (LSB) disk. I~Zw~81 turns out to be a disk-…
We extract void catalogs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 16 (SDSS DR16) survey and also from the Millennium simulation. We focus our comparison on distribution of galaxies brighter than $M_r < -18$ inside voids and study the mean separation of void galaxies, distance from the void center, and the radial density profile. We find that mean separation of void galaxies depends on void size, as bigger voids have lower mean separation in both samples. However, void galaxies in the observation sample seem to have generally larger mean-distance than simulated ones at any given void size…
The lowest metallicity massive stars in the Local Universe with Z~(Zo/50-Zo/30) are the crucial objects to test the validity of assumptions in the modern models of very low-metallicity massive star evolution. These models, in turn, have major implications for our understanding of galaxy and massive star formation in the early epochs. DDO68-V1 in a void galaxy DDO68 is a unique extremely metal-poor massive star. Discovered by us in 2008 in the HII region Knot3 with Z = Zo/35 [12+log(O/H)=7.14], DDO68-V1 was identified as an LBV star. We present here the LBV lightcurve in V band, combining own n…
We measure the environmental dependence, where environment is defined by the distance to the third nearest neighbor, of multiple galaxy properties inside the Environmental COntext (ECO) catalog. We focus primarily on void galaxies, which we define as the $10 \%$ of galaxies having the lowest local density. We compare the properties of void and non-void galaxies: baryonic mass, color, fractional stellar mass growth rate (FSMGR), morphology, and gas-to-stellar-mass ratio (estimated from a combination of HI data and photometric gas fractions calibrated with the RESOLVE survey). Our void galaxies …
CSST large-scale structure analysis pipeline: IV. Cosmic Voids Identified from Galaxy Group Samples as Probes of the Large-scale Structure
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS)（中国科学院大学）
Quantifying Environmental Effects on Galaxy Properties using Non-spherical Voids Identified from SDSS DR7
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）
Distance determinations of extremely-low-surface-brightness galaxies are expensive in terms of spectroscopic time. Because of this, their distances are often inferred by associating such galaxies with larger structures such as groups or clusters, leading to a systematic bias by selecting objects in high density environments. Here we report the discovery of a red ultra-diffuse galaxy (S82-DG-1: $r_{\mathrm{eff}}$ = 1.6 kpc; $<μ_{g}>$ = 25.7 mag arcsec$^{-2}$; $g-i$ = 0.78 mag) located in a nearby cosmic void. We used multi-band luminosity functions of its globular clusters to obtain the distanc…
We study how the void environment affects the formation and evolution of galaxies in the universe by comparing the ratio of dark matter halo mass to stellar mass of galaxies in voids with galaxies in denser regions. Using spectroscopic observations from the SDSS MaNGA DR15, we estimate the dark matter halo mass of 642 void galaxies and 938 galaxies in denser regions. We use the relative velocities of the H-alpha emission line across the galaxy's surface to measure the rotation curve of each galaxy because the kinematics of the interstellar medium is smoother than the stellar kinematics. We fin…
Cosmic voids provide a unique environment to study galaxy formation and evolution. In this paper, we analyse a set of hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations of voids, to analyse in detail their inner structures. These voids were identified in a cosmological simulation and classified according to their surrounding dynamics at very large scales: whether they are in expansion or contraction at their outskirts. We study how these environments and the dynamics of voids impact the baryonic processes inside haloes and their mechanisms of formation and evolution. We find an under-abundance of processed gas …
Voids may affect galaxy formation via weakening mass infall or increasing disk sizes, which could potentially play a role in the formation of giant low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs). If a dark matter halo forms at the potential hill corresponding to a void of the cosmic web, which we denote the 'elaphrocentre' in contrast to a barycentre, then the elaphrocentre should weaken the infall rate to the halo when compared to infall rates towards barycentres. We investigate this hypothesis numerically. We present a complete software pipeline to simulate galaxy formation, starting from a power s…
Chemodynamic evidence of pristine gas accretion in the void galaxy VGS 12
Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg（海德堡大学天文学计算研究所）；Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences（俄罗斯科学院特别天文台）；Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sternberg Astronomical Institute（莫斯科罗蒙诺索夫国立大学斯登伯格天文研究所）；Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学天文研究所）；Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡普坦天文研究所）；Department of Astronomy, Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学天文学系）
The low-mass low-surface brightness (LSB) disc galaxy Arakelian 18 (Ark 18) resides in the Eridanus void and because of its isolation represents an ideal case to study the formation and evolution mechanisms of such a galaxy type. Its complex structure consists of an extended blue LSB disc and a bright central elliptically-shaped part hosting a massive off-centered star-forming clump. We present the in-depth study of Ark 18 based on observations with the SCORPIO-2 long-slit spectrograph and a scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer at the Russian 6-m telescope complemented by archival multi-wavelen…
We measure the void probability function (VPF) of galaxies in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). The VPF provides complementary information to standard two-point statistics in that it is sensitive to galaxy bias in the most extreme underdensities in the cosmic web. Thus the VPF is ideal for testing whether halo occupation of galaxies depends on large-scale density, an effect known as galaxy assembly bias. We find that standard HOD model---one parameterized by halo mass only---fit only to the two-point function, accurately predicts the VPF. Additionally, for HOD models where de…
We study the population of active galaxies in void environment in the SDSS. We use optical spectroscopic information to analyze characteristics of the emission lines of galaxies, accomplished by WHAN and BPT diagrams. Also, we study WISE mid-IR colours to assess AGN activity. We investigate these different AGN classification schemes, both optical and mid-IR, and their dependence on the spatial location with respect to the void centres. To this end, we define three regions: void, the spherical region defined by voidcentric distance relative to void radius (distance/r$_{\rm void}$) smaller than …
Barren but not Empty: The Impact of Void Environments on Galaxy and Halo Populations
Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München（慕尼黑大学）；Swinburne University of Technology（斯威本科技大学）；University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）；Max-Planck-Institute for Astrophysics（马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所）
We present a sample of 66 galaxies belonging to the equatorial part (Dec.= -7$^o$, +7$^o$) of the large so called Eridanus void (after Fairall 1998). The void galaxies are selected as to be separated from the luminous galaxies ($M_{\rm B} < M_{\rm B}^{*} +1$), delineating the void, by more than 2 Mpc. Our main goal is to study systematically the evolutionary parameters of the void sample (metallicity and gas content) and to compare the void galaxy properties with their counterparts residing in denser environments. Besides the general galaxy parameters, compiled mainly from the literature, we p…
Explosions in the Empty: A Survey of Transients in Local Void Galaxies
School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University（南京大学天文与空间科学学院）；Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics (Nanjing University), Ministry of Education, China（教育部现代天文与天体物理重点实验室（南京大学））；Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC)（安达卢西亚天体物理研究所（西班牙高等科学研究委员会））
