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arXiv 2403.18539cs.LGcs.SYeess.SY
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安全与鲁棒的强化学习:原理与实践

Safe and Robust Reinforcement Learning: Principles and Practice

University of Bristol(布里斯托尔大学)

Taku Yamagata, Raul Santos-Rodriguez

AI总结:

本文系统综述了安全与鲁棒强化学习的研究现状,提出定义、分类算法方法,并给出实用清单以指导RL系统的负责任部署。

摘要:

强化学习(RL)在解决相对复杂的任务方面已展现出显著成功,然而将RL系统部署到现实场景中在安全性和鲁棒性方面带来了重大挑战。本文旨在通过探索安全与鲁棒RL领域的主要维度(涵盖算法、伦理和实践考量)来识别并进一步理解这些挑战。我们对相关方法和开放问题进行了全面综述,总结了近年来为应对RL应用固有风险所做的努力。在讨论并提出安全RL和鲁棒RL的定义之后,本文将现有研究工作划分为不同的算法方法,以增强RL智能体的安全性和鲁棒性。我们考察了不确定性估计、优化方法、探索-利用权衡以及对抗训练等技术。环境因素(包括从仿真到现实的迁移和领域自适应)也受到审视,以理解RL系统如何适应多样且动态的环境。此外,人类参与是分析中不可或缺的组成部分,本文承认人类在此背景下可以扮演的广泛角色。重要的是,为帮助实践者应对安全与鲁棒RL实现中的复杂性,本文基于综合文献提出了一个实用清单。该清单涵盖算法设计的关键方面、训练环境考量以及伦理准则。它将作为开发者和政策制定者的资源,以确保RL系统在众多应用领域中得以负责任地部署。

英文摘要:

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown remarkable success in solving relatively complex tasks, yet the deployment of RL systems in real-world scenarios poses significant challenges related to safety and robustness. This paper aims to identify and further understand those challenges thorough the exploration of the main dimensions of the safe and robust RL landscape, encompassing algorithmic, ethical, and practical considerations. We conduct a comprehensive review of methodologies and open problems that summarizes the efforts in recent years to address the inherent risks associated with RL applications. After discussing and proposing definitions for both safe and robust RL, the paper categorizes existing research works into different algorithmic approaches that enhance the safety and robustness of RL agents. We examine techniques such as uncertainty estimation, optimisation methodologies, exploration-exploitation trade-offs, and adversarial training. Environmental factors, including sim-to-real transfer and domain adaptation, are also scrutinized to understand how RL systems can adapt to diverse and dynamic surroundings. Moreover, human involvement is an integral ingredient of the analysis, acknowledging the broad set of roles that humans can take in this context. Importantly, to aid practitioners in navigating the complexities of safe and robust RL implementation, this paper introduces a practical checklist derived from the synthesized literature. The checklist encompasses critical aspects of algorithm design, training environment considerations, and ethical guidelines. It will serve as a resource for developers and policymakers alike to ensure the responsible deployment of RL systems in many application domains.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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