强耦合规范理论中的反常与动力学、区分不同相的新判据，以及来自超对称规范理论的启示
Anomalies and Dynamics in Strongly-Coupled Gauge Theories, New Criteria for Different Phases, and a Lesson from Supersymmetric Gauge Theories
AI总结：
本文回顾了四维强耦合手征SU(N)规范理论的动力学，利用广义对称性和反常匹配约束排除了部分禁闭真空，探讨了多种对称性破缺相，提出了区分不同相的新判据，并指出QCD禁闭可能是非阿贝尔共形不动点的小形变。
摘要：
我们回顾了关于四维强耦合手征 $SU(N)$ 规范理论动力学理解的最新进展，这些问题在我们探索超越基本相互作用的标准 $SU(3)_{QCD} \ imes (SU(2) \ imes U(1))_{GWS}$ 模型的过程中具有潜在的重要性。广义对称性及其相关的新 't Hooft 反常匹配约束，使我们能够在一大类手征规范理论中，排除由一组无色单态无质量复合费米子支撑的、具有完整味道对称性的禁闭真空。色-味锁定动力学 Higgs 相、动力学阿贝尔化或更一般的对称性破缺相，表现为合理的红外动力学，具体取决于存在的无质量物质费米子。我们重新审视并批判性地讨论了文献中针对手征和矢量型规范理论的几个著名禁闭判据，并提出了区分不同相的试探性新判据。最后，我们回顾了一个乍听之下可能相当令人惊讶、但确实在某些软破缺超对称理论中实现的想法：QCD 中的禁闭是强耦合、非局域、非阿贝尔共形不动点的一个小形变（位于重正化群流的红外端）。
英文摘要：
We review recent developments in our understanding of the dynamics of strongly-coupled chiral $SU(N)$ gauge theories in four dimensions, problems which are potentially important in our quest to go beyond the standard $SU(3)_{QCD} \times (SU(2) \times U(1))_{GWS}$ model of the fundamental interactions. The generalized symmetries and associated new 't Hooft anomaly-matching constraints allow us to exclude, in a wide class of chiral gauge theories, confining vacuum with full flavor symmetries supported by a set of color-singlet massless composite fermions. The color-flavor-locked dynamical Higgs phase, dynamical Abelianization or more general symmetry breaking phase, appear as plausible IR dynamics, depending on the massless matter fermions present. We revisit and discuss critically several well-known confinement criteria in the literature, for both chiral and vectorlike gauge theories, and propose tentative, new criteria for discriminating different phases. Finally, we review an idea which might sound rather surprising at first, but is indeed realized in some softly-broken supersymmetric theories, that confinement in QCD is a small deformation (in the IR end of the renormalization-group flow) of a strongly-coupled, nonlocal, nonAbelian conformal fixed point.
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