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arXiv 2403.14744astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IM
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应用于耀变体的TESS光变曲线提取方法比较研究

A Comparative Study of TESS Light Curve Extraction Methods Applied to Blazars

Ethan Poore, Michael Carini, Ryne Dingler, Ann E. Wehrle, Paul J. Wiita

AI总结:

本研究比较了6种TESS光变曲线提取方法在11个明亮耀变体样本上的表现,发现仅Simple Differential Photometry、eleanor和quaver三种方法的结果与ZTF和ATLAS地面观测一致。

摘要:

耀变体的特征是在整个电磁波谱中,从几分钟到几十年的时间尺度上存在大量的非周期性变化。TESS(Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite,凌日系外行星巡天卫星)任务对单扇区观测提供了从几十分钟到27天时间尺度上的耀变体变化连续采样。正确移除背景、热斜坡效应和星上系统效应,对于提取可靠的耀变体光变曲线至关重要。目前已创建多种公开可用的程序来校正这些效应。使用来自Zwicky Transit Facility(ZTF,兹威基瞬态研究设施)和Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System(ATLAS,小行星陆地撞击最后警报系统)的地面观测作为“真值”观测,我们将6种不同方法(Regression、Cotrending Basis Vectors (CBV)、Pixel Level Decorrelation (PLD)、eleanor、quaver和simple differential photometry (SDP))相互进行比较,并与我们的“真值”观测进行比较,以确定哪些方法能正确校正包含11个明亮耀变体的样本的光变曲线,其中包括疑似中微子源TXS 0506+056。除了比较得到的光变曲线外,我们还比较了功率谱密度的斜率,对同步ZTF数据进行了最小二乘拟合,并量化了每种方法生成的光变曲线的其他统计特性。我们发现,在比较的六种方法中,只有三种(Simple Differential Photometry、eleanor和quaver)产生的TESS光变曲线与地面ZTF和ATLAS观测一致。

英文摘要:

Blazars are characterized by largely aperiodic variability on timescales ranging from minutes to decades across the electromagnetic spectrum. The TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) mission provides continuous sampling of blazar variability on timescales ranging from tens of minutes to 27 days for a single sector observation. Proper removal of the background, thermal ramping, and onboard systematic effects are crucial to the extraction of a reliable blazar light curve. Multiple publicly available procedures have been created to correct for these effects. Using ground based observations from the Zwicky Transit Facility (ZTF) and the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) as ``ground truth'' observations, we compare 6 different methods (Regression, Cotrending Basis Vectors (CBV), Pixel Level Decorrelation (PLD), eleanor, quaver, and simple differential photometry (SDP)) to each other, and to our ``ground truth'' observations, to identify which methods properly correct light curves of a sample of 11 bright blazars, including the suspected neutrino source TXS~0506+056. In addition to comparing the resulting light curves, we compare the slopes of the power spectral densities, perform least-square fitting to simultaneous ZTF data, and quantify other statistical qualities generated from the light curves of each method. We find that only three of the six methods compared (Simple Differential Photometry, eleanor, and quaver) produce TESS light curves consistent with the ground-based ZTF and ATLAS observations.

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