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arXiv 2104.15005astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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耀变体的复杂变化:S4 0954+65的时标和周期性分析

The complex variability of blazars: Time-scales and periodicity analysis in S4 0954+65

C. M. Raiteri, M. Villata, V. M. Larionov, S. G. Jorstad, A. P. Marscher, Z. R. Weaver

摘要:

在活动星系核中,耀变体表现出极端的变化特性。我们在这里研究了BL Lac天体S4 0954+65的情况,这些数据是由凌日系外行星调查卫星(TESS)和整个地球Blazar望远镜(WEBT)合作在2019-2020年获得的。TESS在三个观测扇区(每个扇区近一个月)提供的2分钟节奏光学光变曲线使我们能够非常详细地研究快速变化。我们确定了几个特征的短期时间尺度,从几个小时到几天不等。然而,这些并不是持久的,因为它们在不同的TESS部门中是不同的。WEBT进行的长期光度和偏振光学和无线电监测带来了重要的额外信息,揭示了i)在光学方面,长期通量变化几乎是消色差的,而短期通量变化是强烈的彩色; ii)37 GHz的无线电通量变化跟随光学变化,延迟约三周; iii)偏振度和偏振角的变化范围在光学波段比在无线电波段大得多,但平均偏振角是相似的; iv)光学长期变化的特征在于大约一个月的准周期性。我们解释的源行为的旋转不均匀的螺旋射流,其螺距角可以随时间变化。

英文摘要:

Among active galactic nuclei, blazars show extreme variability properties. We here investigate the case of the BL Lac object S4 0954+65 with data acquired in 2019-2020 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration. The 2-min cadence optical light curves provided by TESS during three observing sectors of nearly one month each, allow us to study the fast variability in great detail. We identify several characteristic short-term time-scales, ranging from a few hours to a few days. However, these are not persistent, as they differ in the various TESS sectors. The long-term photometric and polarimetric optical and radio monitoring undertaken by the WEBT brings significant additional information, revealing that i) in the optical, long-term flux changes are almost achromatic, while the short-term ones are strongly chromatic; ii) the radio flux variations at 37 GHz follow those in the optical with a delay of about three weeks; iii) the range of variation of the polarization degree and angle is much larger in the optical than in the radio band, but the mean polarization angles are similar; iv) the optical long-term variability is characterized by a quasi-periodicity of about one month. We explain the source behaviour in terms of a rotating inhomogeneous helical jet, whose pitch angle can change in time.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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