均匀随机树的最大特征值
The top eigenvalue of uniformly random trees
AI总结:
本文研究均匀随机树最大特征值与最大顶点度平方根的关系,利用迹方法和新组合工具证明其期望收敛及概率尾部界,并将结果推广到前若干特征值。
摘要:
设 ${\mathbf T}_n$ 为顶点集为 $[n]=\{1,\ldots,n\}$ 的均匀随机树,设 $Δ_{{\mathbf T}_n}$ 为 ${\mathbf T}_n$ 中的最大顶点度,并设 $λ_1({\mathbf T}_n),\ldots,λ_n({\mathbf T}_n)$ 为其邻接矩阵的特征值,按降序排列。我们证明当 $n \to \infty$ 时,$|λ_1({\mathbf T}_n)-\sqrt{Δ_{{\mathbf T}_n}}| \to 0$ 在期望意义下成立,并进一步证明了 $|λ_1({\mathbf T}_n)-\sqrt{Δ_{{\mathbf T}_n}}|$ 的概率尾部界。记 $a_n$ 为 $Δ_{{\mathbf T}_n}$ 的任意中位数,我们还证明对任意固定的 $β\in (0,1/2)$,$|λ_k({\mathbf T}_n)-\sqrt{a_n}| \to 0$ 在期望意义下成立,且对 $1 \le k \le e^{\log^β(n)}$ 一致成立。证明基于迹方法,因此依赖于对随机树中闭合游走进行计数。为此,我们开发了新的组合工具来编码树中的游走,并预期这些工具将找到其他应用。为了应用这些工具,我们证明均匀随机树——在经过适当的“手术”之后——以高概率满足使组合界有效的所需性质。
英文摘要:
Let ${\mathbf T}_n$ be a uniformly random tree with vertex set $[n]=\{1,\ldots,n\}$, let $Δ_{{\mathbf T}_n}$ be the largest vertex degree in ${\mathbf T}_n$, and let $λ_1({\mathbf T}_n),\ldots,λ_n({\mathbf T}_n)$ be the eigenvalues of its adjacency matrix, arranged in decreasing order. We prove that $|λ_1({\mathbf T}_n)-\sqrt{Δ_{{\mathbf T}_n}}| \to 0$ in expectation as $n \to \infty$, and additionally prove probability tail bounds for $|λ_1({\mathbf T}_n)-\sqrt{Δ_{{\mathbf T}_n}}|$. Writing $a_n$ for any median of $Δ_{{\mathbf T}_n}$, we also prove that $|λ_k({\mathbf T}_n)-\sqrt{a_n}| \to 0$ in expectation, uniformly over $1 \le k \le e^{\log^β(n)}$, for any fixed $β\in (0,1/2)$. The proof is based on the trace method and thus on counting closed walks in a random tree. To this end, we develop novel combinatorial tools for encoding walks in trees that we expect will find other applications. In order to apply these tools, we show that uniformly random trees -- after appropriate "surgery" -- satisfy, with high probability, the properties required for the combinatorial bounds to be effective.
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