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arXiv 2403.06644cs.LGcs.CL
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大象从不忘事:测试语言模型对表格数据的记忆

Elephants Never Forget: Testing Language Models for Memorization of Tabular Data

University of Tübingen(蒂宾根大学);Microsoft Research(微软研究院)

Sebastian Bordt, Harsha Nori, Rich Caruana

AI总结:

本文提出多种统计与记忆测试评估 LLM 对表格数据集的预训练污染,发现流行数据集可能被记忆或仅学到统计规律,并发布开源检测工具。

摘要:

尽管许多研究已经展示了 Large Language Models(LLMs,大语言模型)如何应用于多种多样的任务,但数据污染和记忆这两个关键问题往往被一笔带过。在本工作中,我们针对表格数据处理这一关切。我们从关于 LLM 是否知道特征名称和取值的简单定性测试开始,引入多种不同技术来评估污染程度,包括用于条件分布建模的统计检验,以及四项识别记忆的测试。我们的调查揭示,LLMs 在许多流行表格数据集上进行了预训练。这种暴露可能导致下游任务上的性能评估失效,因为 LLMs 实际上已经拟合了测试集。有趣的是,我们还识别出一种情形:语言模型能够复现数据的重要统计量,但无法逐字复现该数据集。在这些数据集上,尽管它们在训练期间被见过,但下游任务上的良好性能可能并非源于过拟合。我们的发现强调,在使用 LLMs 的机器学习任务中,需要确保数据完整性。为促进未来研究,我们发布了一个开源工具,可执行多种记忆测试:https://github.com/interpretml/LLM-Tabular-Memorization-Checker。

英文摘要:

While many have shown how Large Language Models (LLMs) can be applied to a diverse set of tasks, the critical issues of data contamination and memorization are often glossed over. In this work, we address this concern for tabular data. Starting with simple qualitative tests for whether an LLM knows the names and values of features, we introduce a variety of different techniques to assess the degrees of contamination, including statistical tests for conditional distribution modeling and four tests that identify memorization. Our investigation reveals that LLMs are pre-trained on many popular tabular datasets. This exposure can lead to invalid performance evaluation on downstream tasks because the LLMs have, in effect, been fit to the test set. Interestingly, we also identify a regime where the language model reproduces important statistics of the data, but fails to reproduce the dataset verbatim. On these datasets, although seen during training, good performance on downstream tasks might not be due to overfitting. Our findings underscore the need for ensuring data integrity in machine learning tasks with LLMs. To facilitate future research, we release an open-source tool that can perform various tests for memorization \url{https://github.com/interpretml/LLM-Tabular-Memorization-Checker}.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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