非平衡涨落定理实验测试的量子限制
Quantum limitation on experimental testing of non-equilibrium fluctuation theorems
AI总结:
本文证明不确定性原理对非平衡涨落定理探测非平庸介观系统施加了固有量子限制,并推导了最简量子点玩具模型的有效区间。
摘要:
非平衡涨落定理(NFTs)将系统哈密顿量随时间变化时对其所做的功与初末态的平衡数据联系起来。在经典语境下,系统能量可直接测量,而量子实现则需引入做功代理(work-agent)。我们证明不确定性原理对NFT用于探测非平庸介观系统施加了固有的量子限制。我们推导了最简量子点玩具模型的NFT有效区间,并讨论了未来应用。
英文摘要:
Non-equilibrium fluctuation theorems (NFTs) relate work performed on a system as its Hamiltonian varies with time, to equilibrium data of the initial and final states. In a classical context the system energy can be directly measured, while a quantum implementation requires the incorporation of a work-agent. We demonstrate that the uncertainty principle imposes inherent quantum limitations on the applicability of the NFT for probing non-trivial mesoscopic systems. We work out the NFT validity regime for the simplest quantum-dot toy model, and discuss future applications.
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