检测平衡时的温度波动
Detecting temperature fluctuations at equilibrium
摘要：
吉布斯和玻尔兹曼对温度的定义只在宏观极限上是一致的。在确定一个有限大小的“小”系统的平衡温度与浴交换能量的模糊性通常被理解为传统的统计力学的限制。我们解释这种模糊性，由于随机波动的温度加上相空间变量引起的广泛的温度分布。有了这个模型，我们发展了小系统的平衡统计和动力学。使用一个易于分析的模型的数值证据表明，温度波动的影响可以检测到的小系统的相空间的平衡和动力学性质。我们的理论将统计力学推广到与生物物理学和纳米技术相关的小系统。
英文摘要：
Gibbs and Boltzmann definitions of temperature agree only in the macroscopic limit. The ambiguity in identifying the equilibrium temperature of a finite sized `small' system exchanging energy with a bath is usually understood as a limitation of conventional statistical mechanics. We interpret this ambiguity as resulting from a stochastically fluctuating temperature coupled with the phase space variables giving rise to a broad temperature distribution. With this ansatz, we develop the equilibrium statistics and dynamics of small systems. Numerical evidence using an analytically tractable model shows that the effects of temperature fluctuations can be detected in equilibrium and dynamical properties of the phase space of the small system. Our theory generalizes statistical mechanics to small systems relevant to biophysics and nanotechnology.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
