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arXiv 2403.04705cond-mat.quant-gasquant-ph
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光子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中非线性响应与Onsager回归的观测

Observation of Nonlinear Response and Onsager Regression in a Photon Bose-Einstein Condensate

Alexander Sazhin, Vladimir N. Gladilin, Andris Erglis, Göran Hellmann, Frank Vewinger, Martin Weitz, Michiel Wouters, Julian Schmitt

备注：
10 pages, 4 figures
发表信息：
Nature Communications 15, 4730 (2024)
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AI总结：

本研究在染料填充微腔的光子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中实验验证了量子回归定理，发现双时粒子数关联与对染料分子池突然微扰的响应动力学一致，并在强微扰下观察到非线性弛豫，将回归定理扩展至线性响应之外。

摘要：

量子回归定理指出，系统在两个不同时刻的相关性由与平均值时间响应相同的运动方程所支配。这种关系通过在外部“原因”导致的宏观“结果”与内在微观行为之间建立形式上的联系，为物理系统的研究提供了强大的框架。以此方式测量对受控微扰的响应，可以确定例如凝聚态物质系统中的结构因子，以及物质系统的其他关联函数。在此，我们通过实验证明，染料填充微腔内光子玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的双时粒子数关联，展现出与凝聚体对染料分子池突然微扰的响应相同的动力学。这证实了量子气体的回归定理，并且进一步以非常规形式对该关系进行了检验，其中微扰作用于池，且仅监测凝聚体的响应。对于强微扰，我们观察到了非线性弛豫动力学，我们的微观理论将其与平衡涨落联系起来，从而将回归定理扩展到线性响应区域之外。所展示的凝聚体-池系统的非线性，为研究驱动-耗散光子凝聚体晶格中新型元激发铺平了道路。

英文摘要：

The quantum regression theorem states that the correlations of a system at two different times are governed by the same equations of motion as the temporal response of the average values. Such a relation provides a powerful framework for the investigation of physical systems by establishing a formal connection between intrinsic microscopic behaviour and a macroscopic 'effect' due to an external 'cause'. Measuring the response to a controlled perturbation in this way allows to determine, for example, structure factors in condensed matter systems as well as other correlation functions of material systems. Here we experimentally demonstrate that the two-time particle number correlations in a photon Bose-Einstein condensate inside a dye-filled microcavity exhibit the same dynamics as the response of the condensate to a sudden perturbation of the dye molecule bath. This confirms the regression theorem for a quantum gas and, moreover, establishes a test of this relation in an unconventional form where the perturbation acts on the bath and only the condensate response is monitored. For strong perturbations, we observe nonlinear relaxation dynamics which our microscopic theory relates to the equilibrium fluctuations, thereby extending the regression theorem beyond the regime of linear response. The demonstrated nonlinearity of the condensate-bath system paves the way for studies of novel elementary excitations in lattices of driven-dissipative photon condensates.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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