通过Backyard Worlds: Planet 9公民科学项目发现89个新的超冷矮星共动伴星
89 New Ultracool Dwarf Co-Moving Companions Identified With The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
AI总结：
本研究借助Backyard Worlds: Planet 9公民科学项目及多星表交叉比对，新发现89个超冷矮星共动伴星系统，填补了相关观测空白，扩充了目标样本，为后续大气研究提供支撑。
摘要：
我们报告了借助公民科学项目Backyard Worlds: Planet 9（后院世界：行星9），并结合Gaia（盖亚卫星）与CatWISE2020的交叉比对，识别出89个包含主序星和白矮星的超冷矮星伴星的新系统。我们对其中32颗伴星和33颗主星开展了光谱观测随访，伴星光谱型范围为M7-T9，主星光谱型范围为G2-M9。这些系统呈现出多样化特征：年龄涵盖年轻到年老，光谱形态从蓝色到极红色均有，部分可能属于已知的年轻移动星群，且9颗伴星存在光谱双星的证据。我们的样本中有20颗主星显示出更高阶多星系统的迹象，另有11颗主星本身就是已分辨的双星。我们将该样本的特征与已知恒星双星和系外行星族群的特征进行对比，发现我们的样本开始填补了质量比-结合能图上直接成像系外行星与恒星双星之间的空白。通过这项研究，我们将FGK型星的超冷矮星伴星数量增加了约42%，并将间距大于1000天文单位（au）的已知超冷矮星伴星数量提升至原来的三倍以上，为未来的大气反演研究提供了优质目标。
英文摘要：
We report the identification of 89 new systems containing ultracool dwarf companions to main sequence stars and white dwarfs, using the citizen science project Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 and cross-reference between Gaia and CatWISE2020. Thirty-two of these companions and thirty-three host stars were followed up with spectroscopic observations, with companion spectral types ranging from M7-T9 and host spectral types ranging from G2-M9. These systems exhibit diverse characteristics, from young to old ages, blue to very red spectral morphologies, potential membership to known young moving groups, and evidence of spectral binarity in 9 companions. Twenty of the host stars in our sample show evidence for higher order multiplicity, with an additional 11 host stars being resolved binaries themselves. We compare this sample's characteristics with those of the known stellar binary and exoplanet populations, and find our sample begins to fill in the gap between directly imaged exoplanets and stellary binaries on mass ratio-binding energy plots. With this study, we increase the population of ultracool dwarf companions to FGK stars by $\sim$42\%, and more than triple the known population of ultracool dwarf companions with separations larger than 1,000 au, providing excellent targets for future atmospheric retrievals.
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