Collaborative cybersecurity relies on organizations sharing information to boost security, but trust management is a key concern. Decentralized solutions like distributed ledgers, particularly blockchain, are crucial for eliminating single points of failure. However, the existing literature on blockchain-based collaborative cybersecurity is limited, lacking comprehensive insights. This paper addresses this gap by surveying blockchain's role in collaborative cybersecurity from 2016 to 2023. It explores various applications, trends, and the evolution of blockchain technology, focusing on access control, data validation policies, underlying tech, and consensus mechanisms. A key finding is the fragmentation of the field with no dominant research group or venue. Many recent projects poorly select consensus protocols for their blockchain. To aid researchers and practitioners, this paper offers guidelines for choosing the right blockchain for specific purposes and highlights open research areas and lessons learned from past blockchain applications in collaborative cybersecurity, encouraging further exploration in this field.
The goal of this paper is to propose a blockchain-based platform to enhance transparency and traceability of cybersecurity certification information motivated by the recently adopted EU Cybersecurity Act. The proposed platform is generic and intended to support the trusted exchange of cybersecurity certification information for any electronic product, service, or process. However, for the purposes of this paper, we focus on the case study of the cybersecurity certification of IoT devices, which are explicitly referenced in the recently adopted Cybersecurity Act as one of the main domains where…
Cybersecurity is an inherent characteristic that should be addressed before the large deployment of smart city applications. Recently, Blockchain appears as a promising technology to provide several cybersecurity aspects of smart city applications. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing blockchain-based solutions for the cybersecurity of the main smart city applications, namely smart healthcare, smart transportation, smart agriculture, supply chain management, smart grid, and smart homes. We describe the existing solutions and we discuss their merits and limits. Moreover, w…
The Internet of Things is an essential component in the growth of an ecosystem that enables quick and precise judgments to be made for communication on the battleground. The usage of the battlefield of things (BoT) is, however, subject to several restrictions for a variety of reasons. There is a potential for instances of replay, data manipulation, breaches of privacy, and other similar occurrences. As a direct result of this, the implementation of a security mechanism to protect the communication that occurs within BoT has turned into an absolute requirement. To this aim, we propose a blockch…
Recently, cybersecurity becomes more and more important due to the rapid development of Internet. However, existing methods are in reality highly sensitive to attacks and are far more vulnerable than expected, as they are lack of trustable measures. In this paper, to address the aforementioned problems, we propose a blockchain-based cybersecurity framework, termed as Sapiens Chain, which can protect the privacy of the anonymous users and ensure that the transactions are immutable by providing decentralized and trustable services. Integrating semantic analysis, symbolic execution, and routing l…
Systematic Review of Cybersecurity in Banking: Evolution from Pre-Industry 4.0 to Post-Industry 4.0 in Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Policies and Practice
This paper considers the use of novel technologies for mitigating attacks that aim at compromising intrusion detection systems (IDSs). Solutions based on collaborative intrusion detection networks (CIDNs) could increase the resilience against such attacks as they allow IDS nodes to gain knowledge from each other by sharing information. However, despite the vast research in this area, trust management issues still pose significant challenges and recent works investigate whether these could be addressed by relying on blockchain and related distributed ledger technologies. Towards that direction,…
Validating a blockchain incurs heavy computation, communication, and storage costs. As a result, clients with limited resources, called light nodes, cannot verify transactions independently and must trust full nodes, making them vulnerable to security attacks. Motivated by this problem, we ask a fundamental question: can light nodes securely validate without any full nodes? We answer affirmatively by proposing CoVer, a decentralized protocol that allows a group of light nodes to collaboratively verify blocks even under a dishonest majority, achieving the same level of security for block valida…
Many studies have been done to improve the performance of centrally controlled business processes and enhance the integration between different parties of these collaborations. However, the most serious issues of collaborative business processes remained unsolved in these studies, lack of trust and divided data on various confidential ledgers. Blockchain technology has enormous potential to become a new substantial integration method for untrusted collaborative businesses. Using the governing consensus mechanism, blockchain eliminates the necessity of the trusted third party. It provides a dis…
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have been the industry standard for securing IoT networks against known attacks. To increase the capability of an IDS, researchers proposed the concept of blockchain-based Collaborative-IDS (CIDS), wherein blockchain acts as a decentralised platform allowing collaboration between CIDS nodes to share intrusion related information, such as intrusion alarms and detection rules. However, proposals in blockchain-based CIDS overlook the importance of continuous evaluation of the trustworthiness of each node and generally work based on the assumption that the nodes a…
The cybersecurity of modern systems has dramatically increased attention from both industrial and academia perspectives. In the recent era, the popularity of the blockchain-based system has traditionally been emergent among various industrials sectors especially in supply chain management due to its streamlined nature. This reveals the importance of the quality aspects from a supply chain management perspective. Many industries realized the importance of having quality systems for supply chain management and logistics. The emergence of blockchain technology has created several potential innova…
Since fall 2012, several National Centers of Academic Excellence in Cyber Defense Research (CAE-Rs) fielded a collaborative course to engage students in solving applied cybersecurity research problems. We describe our experiences with this Information Security Research and Education (INSuRE) research collaborative. We explain how we conducted our project-based research course, give examples of student projects, and discuss the outcomes and lessons learned.
A Blueprint for Collaborative Cybersecurity Operations Centres with Capacity for Shared Situational Awareness, Coordinated Response, and Joint Preparedness
Sphynx Analytics Limited（Sphynx Analytics有限公司）；University of Oslo（奥斯陆大学）；Technical University of Crete（克里特理工大学）
The modern society, economy and industry have been changed remarkably by many cutting-edge technologies over the last years, and many more are in development and early implementation that will in turn led even wider spread of adoptions and greater alteration. Blockchain technology along with other rising ones is expected to transform virtually every aspect of global business and individuals' lifestyle in some areas. It has been spreading with multi-sector applications from financial services to healthcare, supply chain, and cybersecurity emerging every passing day. Simultaneously, in the digit…
Machine learning has recently enabled large advances in artificial intelligence, but these tend to be highly centralized. The large datasets required are generally proprietary; predictions are often sold on a per-query basis; and published models can quickly become out of date without effort to acquire more data and re-train them. We propose a framework for participants to collaboratively build a dataset and use smart contracts to host a continuously updated model. This model will be shared publicly on a blockchain where it can be free to use for inference. Ideal learning problems include scen…
Blockchain emerged as a solution for data integrity, non-repudiation, and availability in different applications. Data sensitive scenarios, such as Health Care, can also benefit from these blockchain properties. Consequently, different research proposed the adoption of blockchain in Health Care applications. However, few are discussed about incentive methods to attract new users, as well as to motivate the system or application usage by existing end-users. Also, little is discussed about performance during code execution in blockchains. In order to tackle these issues, this work presents the p…
Collaborative Learning for Cyberattack Detection in Blockchain Networks
University of Technology Sydney (UTS)（悉尼科技大学）；Advanced Institute of Engineering and Technology (AVITECH)（先进工程技术学院）；University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University, Hanoi（越南国家大学河内工程技术大学）；VNU Information Technology Institute（越南国家大学信息技术学院）
Due to their rapid growth and deployment, Internet of things (IoT) devices have become a central aspect of our daily lives. However, they tend to have many vulnerabilities which can be exploited by an attacker. Unsupervised techniques, such as anomaly detection, can help us secure the IoT devices. However, an anomaly detection model must be trained for a long time in order to capture all benign behaviors. This approach is vulnerable to adversarial attacks since all observations are assumed to be benign while training the anomaly detection model. In this paper, we propose CIoTA, a lightweight f…
The digital transformation of the medical sector requires solutions that are convenient and efficient for all stakeholders while protecting patients' sensitive data. One example that has already attracted design-oriented research are medical prescriptions. However, current implementations of electronic prescription management systems typically create centralized data silos, leaving user data vulnerable to cybersecurity incidents and impeding interoperability. Research has also proposed decentralized solutions based on blockchain technology, but privacy-related challenges have often been ignore…
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Ben-Gurion University（本-古里安大学）
Due to their rapid growth and deployment, the Internet of things (IoT) have become a central aspect of our daily lives. Unfortunately, IoT devices tend to have many vulnerabilities which can be exploited by an attacker. Unsupervised techniques, such as anomaly detection, can be used to secure these devices in a plug-and-protect manner. However, anomaly detection models must be trained for a long time in order to capture all benign behaviors. Furthermore, the anomaly detection model is vulnerable to adversarial attacks since, during the training phase, all observations are assumed to be benign.…
Secure and scalable data sharing is essential for collaborative clinical decision making. Conventional clinical data efforts are often siloed, however, which creates barriers to efficient information exchange and impedes effective treatment decision made for patients. This paper provides four contributions to the study of applying blockchain technology to clinical data sharing in the context of technical requirements defined in the "Shared Nationwide Interoperability Roadmap" from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). First, we analyze the ONC requirem…
This work introduces a novel approach for the governance of a blockchain containing social constructs and technical viability for widescale applications for the next generation of distributed ledgers. Functional requirements for this new blockchain distributed ledger (BDL) were garnered from an analysis of the needs for large-scale applications. Applied research was employed as part of this endeavor to test the practicality and scalability of the solution outline. Novel features in this application draw together controls and enforcement for cybersecurity, digital content management, licensing,…
The continuous strengthening of the security posture of IoT ecosystems is vital due to the increasing number of interconnected devices and the volume of sensitive data shared. The utilisation of Machine Learning (ML) capabilities in the defence against IoT cyber attacks has many potential benefits. However, the currently proposed frameworks do not consider data privacy, secure architectures, and/or scalable deployments of IoT ecosystems. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical blockchain-based federated learning framework to enable secure and privacy-preserved collaborative IoT intrusion dete…
Blockchain Federated Learning for Sustainable Retail: Reducing Waste through Collaborative Demand Forecasting
DISMI, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（DISMI，Modena和Reggio Emilia大学）；En\&Tech, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia（En\&Tech，Modena和Reggio Emilia大学）；DIN, University of Bologna（DIN，博洛尼亚大学）
Tune Insight SA（Tune Insight股份公司）；Cyber-Defence Campus, armasuisse Science and Technology（瑞士国防装备采购局科技处网络防御园区）；École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)（洛桑联邦理工学院）
Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) sharing is an important activity to reduce information asymmetries between attackers and defenders. However, this activity presents challenges due to the tension between data sharing and confidentiality, that result in information retention often leading to a free-rider problem. Therefore, the information that is shared represents only the tip of the iceberg. Current literature assumes access to centralized databases containing all the information, but this is not always feasible, due to the aforementioned tension. This results in unbalanced or incomplete datase…
University of California Irvine（加州大学欧文分校）；Texas A&M University（得克萨斯农工大学）；Theta Labs Inc.（西塔实验室公司）；Camford Capital（坎福德资本）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）；FedML Inc.（FedML公司）
We consider a project (model) owner that would like to train a model by utilizing the local private data and compute power of interested data owners, i.e., trainers. Our goal is to design a data marketplace for such decentralized collaborative/federated learning applications that simultaneously provides i) proof-of-contribution based reward allocation so that the trainers are compensated based on their contributions to the trained model; ii) privacy-preserving decentralized model training by avoiding any data movement from data owners; iii) robustness against malicious parties (e.g., trainers …
When Swarm Learning meets energy series data: A decentralized collaborative learning design based on blockchain
Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学）；Eastern Institute of Technology（东方理工大学）；Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin（宁波数字孪生研究院）；China University of Petroleum (Beijing)（中国石油大学（北京））
Université de Sherbrooke（舍布鲁克大学）；GREYC CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心灰西实验室）；ENSICAEN（法国国立卡昂高等工程师学院）；Normandie University（诺曼底大学）；University of Technology of Troyes（特鲁瓦技术大学）
Federated learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning (ML) technique that enables collaborative training in which devices perform learning using a local dataset while preserving their privacy. This technique ensures privacy, communication efficiency, and resource conservation. Despite these advantages, FL still suffers from several challenges related to reliability (i.e., unreliable participating devices in training), tractability (i.e., a large number of trained models), and anonymity. To address these issues, we propose a secure and trustworthy blockchain framework (SRB-FL) tailored to F…
Existing data storage systems offer a wide range of functionalities to accommodate an equally diverse range of applications. However, new classes of applications have emerged, e.g., blockchain and collaborative analytics, featuring data versioning, fork semantics, tamper-evidence or any combination thereof. They present new opportunities for storage systems to efficiently support such applications by embedding the above requirements into the storage. In this paper, we present ForkBase, a storage engine specifically designed to provide efficient support for blockchain and forkable applications.…
Electricity is an essential comfort to support our daily activities. With the competitive increase and energy costs by the industry, new values and opportunities for delivering electricity to customers are produced. One of these new opportunities is electric vehicles. With the arrival of electric vehicles, various challenges and opportunities are being presented in the electric power system worldwide. For example, under the traditional electric power billing scheme, electric power has to be consumed where it is needed so that end-users could not charge their electric vehicles at different poin…
Machine learning (ML) has been pervasively researched nowadays and it has been applied in many aspects of real life. Nevertheless, issues of model and data still accompany the development of ML. For instance, training of traditional ML models is limited to the access of data sets, which are generally proprietary; published ML models may soon be out of date without an update of new data and continuous training; malicious data contributors may upload wrongly labeled data that leads to undesirable training results; and the abuse of private data and data leakage also exit. With the utilization of …
