探索时间延迟干涉测距作为贝叶斯框架中的一种实用测距方法
Exploring Time Delay Interferometry Ranging as a Practical Ranging Approach in the Bayesian Framework
AI总结：
本文提出一种基于贝叶斯框架的时间延迟干涉测距（TDIR）方法，通过多项式参数化放宽时钟同步要求，利用太极模拟数据实现星间延迟估计，误差仅5.28 ns，有效抑制激光频率噪声，为传统PRN测距提供独立验证与备份。
摘要：
时间延迟干涉测量（TDI）是空间引力波探测整个数据处理流程中不可或缺的环节，因为它能够抑制极强的激光频率噪声，否则该噪声将完全淹没引力波信号。对星间光路（即延迟）的了解是TDI的关键要素之一。传统的星间测距方法主要依赖于调制在激光上的伪随机噪声（PRN）码信号。为了确保该测距信息的可靠性与鲁棒性，开发可作为交叉验证或备份的其他方法将大有裨益。本文探讨了一种替代性数据驱动方法——时间延迟干涉测距（TDIR）——作为独立于PRN信号的测距技术的实际实现。与以往研究不同，我们的TDIR算法显著放宽了传统TDI流程对时钟同步的严格要求。通过将TDIR构建为贝叶斯参数估计问题，并采用通用多项式参数化，我们利用基于太极数值轨道的模拟数据演示了该算法。在存在激光频率噪声和次要噪声的情况下，估计的延迟中位数值仅偏离真实值5.28 ns，能够将激光频率噪声抑制至理想水平。此外，我们还分析了在TDIR中抑制光学平台噪声和时钟噪声的要求，并给出了激光锁频影响的说明性示例。
英文摘要：
Time Delay Interferometry (TDI) is an indispensable step in the whole data processing procedure of space-based gravitational wave detection, as it mitigates the overwhelming laser frequency noise, which would otherwise completely bury the gravitational wave signals. Knowledge on the inter-spacecraft optical paths (i.e. delays) is one of the key elements of TDI. Conventional method for inter-spacecraft ranging mainly relies on the pseudo-random noise (PRN) code signal modulated onto the lasers. To ensure the reliability and robustness of this ranging information, it would be highly beneficial to develop other methods which could serve as cross-validations or backups. This paper explores the practical implementation of an alternative data-driven approach - time delay interferometry ranging (TDIR) - as a ranging technique independent of the PRN signal. Distinguished from previous research, our TDIR algorithm significantly relaxes the stringent requirement for clock synchronization imposed by traditional TDI procedure. By framing TDIR as a Bayesian parameter estimation problem and employing a general polynomial parametrization, we demonstrate our algorithm with simulated data based on the numerical orbit of Taiji. In the presence of laser frequency noise and secondary noises, the estimated median values of delays are only 5.28 ns away from the ground truths, capable of suppressing laser frequency noise to the desired level. Additionally, we have also analysed the requirements of mitigating optical bench noise and clock noise on TDIR, and presented an illustrative example for the impact of laser locking.
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