面向 LISA 的星间绝对测距端到端实验演示
Experimental end-to-end demonstration of intersatellite absolute ranging for LISA
AI总结：
本文利用六边形光学试验台端到端验证 LISA 星间绝对测距，通过光学边带、PRNR、TDIR 及两种处理方案实现时钟同步，测距精度均优于 1 m。
摘要：
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna（LISA，激光干涉空间天线）是一个空间引力波探测器。它依赖一种名为 time-delay interferometry（TDI，时延干涉测量）的后处理技术，将占绝对主导的激光频率噪声抑制数个数量级。该算法需要星间测距监测器提供航天器间距信息。为满足这一要求，我们将使用地面观测站、光学边带—边带拍频注记、伪随机噪声测距（PRNR）和时延干涉测距（TDIR）。本文报道了一个六边形光学试验台的端到端实验演示，该试验台用于通过光学边带、PRNR 和 TDIR 提取绝对距离。这些方法被用于在独立相位计上采样的光学拍频信号的时钟同步。我们建立了两种可能的 PRNR 处理方案：方案 1 通过依赖 TDIR 的校准从 PRNR 中提取伪距；方案 2 在不进行 TDIR 校准的情况下同步所有拍频信号。这些方案依赖于新实现的本地 PRNR 偏差监测器。在完成必要的 PRNR 处理（解缠、模糊度解算、偏差校正、带内抖动降低和/或校准）之后，方案 1 和方案 2 分别实现了 2.0 cm 至 8.1 cm 和 5.8 cm 至 41.1 cm 的测距精度，均有余量地低于经典的 1 m 指标。
英文摘要：
The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a gravitational wave detector in space. It relies on a post-processing technique named time-delay interferometry (TDI) to suppress the overwhelming laser frequency noise by several orders of magnitude. This algorithm requires intersatellite-ranging monitors to provide information on spacecraft separations. To fulfill this requirement, we will use on-ground observatories, optical sideband-sideband beatnotes, pseudo-random noise ranging (PRNR), and time-delay interferometric ranging (TDIR). This article reports on the experimental end-to-end demonstration of a hexagonal optical testbed used to extract absolute ranges via the optical sidebands, PRNR, and TDIR. These were applied for clock synchronization of optical beatnote signals sampled at independent phasemeters. We set up two possible PRNR processing schemes: Scheme 1 extracts pseudoranges from PRNR via a calibration relying on TDIR; Scheme 2 synchronizes all beatnote signals without TDIR calibration. The schemes rely on newly implemented monitors of local PRNR biases. After the necessary PRNR treatments (unwrapping, ambiguity resolution, bias correction, in-band jitter reduction, and/or calibration), Scheme 1 and 2 achieved ranging accuracies of 2.0 cm to 8.1 cm and 5.8 cm to 41.1 cm, respectively, below the classical 1 m mark with margins.
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