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arXiv 2403.00517eess.SYcs.SY
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基于稳态模型的电动城市公交车HVAC系统能耗-舒适度权衡优化

Optimization of the Energy-Comfort Trade-Off of HVAC Systems in Electric City Buses Based on a Steady-State Model

Fabio Widmer, Stijn van Dooren, Christopher H. Onder

AI总结:

本研究针对电动公交HVAC系统能耗限制续航的问题,构建稳态热模型并提出快速优化方法,验证了其与动态仿真偏差小,可用于系统设计评估与无预测信息的近优控制设定值提取。

摘要:

公共交通车辆的电动化有望缓解城市中心的污染物和噪声排放问题。此外,电动公交车的生命周期温室气体(GHG)排放量低于柴油公交车,尤其是在使用可持续生产的电力运行时。然而,供暖、通风与空调(HVAC)系统会消耗大量能源,从而限制了可实现的行驶里程。本文针对电动城市公交车的HVAC系统,分析了其能耗与乘客热舒适度之间的权衡关系。为此,我们构建了公交车的动态热模型,并通过假设系统处于稳态对其进行简化。我们提出了一种方法,能够针对代表全年运行的大量样本,快速优化稳态HVAC系统的输入参数。将稳态优化方法的结果与动态仿真进行对比后发现,HVAC系统的功率需求与达到的热舒适度均存在较小偏差,因此用稳态模型近似系统性能是合理的。我们通过两个案例研究证明了该方法的实际实用性:首先,展示了如何利用该方法基于全年性能评估来比较不同的HVAC系统设计;其次,展示了如何利用该方法提取在线控制器的设定值,使控制器在无需任何预测信息的情况下实现接近最优的性能。总之,本研究表明,对电动城市公交车的HVAC系统进行稳态分析是评估和优化其性能的一种有效方法。

英文摘要:

The electrification of public transport vehicles offers the potential to relieve city centers of pollutant and noise emissions. Furthermore, electric buses have lower life-cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than diesel buses, particularly when operated with sustainably produced electricity. However, the heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system can consume a significant amount of energy, thus limiting the achievable driving range. In this paper, we address the HVAC system in an electric city bus by analyzing the trade-off between the energy consumption and the thermal comfort of the passengers. We do this by developing a dynamic thermal model for the bus, which we simplify by considering it to be in steady state. We introduce a method that is able to quickly optimize the steady-state HVAC system inputs for a large number of samples representative of a year-round operation. A comparison between the results from the steady-state optimization approach and a dynamic simulation reveals small deviations in both the HVAC system power demand and achieved thermal comfort. Thus, the approximation of the system performance with a steady-state model is justified. We present two case studies to demonstrate the practical relevance of the approach. First, we show how the method can be used to compare different HVAC system designs based on a year-round performance evaluation. Second, we show how the method can be used to extract setpoints for online controllers that achieve close-to-optimal performance without any predictive information. In conclusion, this study shows that a steady-state analysis of the HVAC systems of an electric city bus is a valuable approach to evaluate and optimize its performance.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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