迈向伽马射线暴的新模型无关校准
Towards a new model-independent calibration of Gamma-Ray Bursts
AI总结：
提出一种基于宇宙计时器和高斯过程的模型无关校准方法，利用 Platinum 样本中的长伽马射线暴验证 3D Dainotti 相关性，识别出内禀散布更小的子样本，将校准光度距离阶梯成功扩展至 z=5。
摘要：
目前关于重子声学振荡和Ia型超新星的数据覆盖范围高达 $z\sim 2.5$。这些观测在确定宇宙学参数中发挥着非常重要的作用，并已被广泛用于约束 $Λ$CDM 及其扩展模型。为了将研究扩展到更高的 $z$，伽马射线暴（GRBs）脱颖而出，成为最有前途的观测量之一，因为它们能够探测高达 $z\sim9.4$ 的宇宙。由于其内禀性质的弥散，使用 GRB 相关性仍然是一个挑战。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种创新且与宇宙学无关的方法，用于校准所谓的 3D Dainotti 相关性。我们采用了 $z\lesssim2$ 时宇宙计时器（CCH）的最先进数据，并使用了高斯过程重构工具。为了匹配 CCH 的红移范围，我们从 Platinum 样本中选择了 20 个处于 $0.553\leq z\leq1.96$ 范围内的长 GRBs，该样本由具有明确定义且遵循基本面关系的 GRB 平台属性组成。我们验证了 Dainotti 关系参数先验的选择以及 CCH 不确定性和协方差的建模对我们的结果影响微乎其微。我们还考虑了考虑平面物理特征红移演化的情况。我们发现，使用 CCH 能够让我们识别出一个更加紧密遵循基本面关系的 GRB 子样本，在考虑演化效应时，其内禀散布为 $σ_{int}=0.20^{+0.03}_{-0.05}$。在我们努力减少 GRB 相关性变量的不确定性以收紧对宇宙学参数约束的时代，我们找到了一种新颖的模型无关方法来精确定位一个子样本，该子样本因此可以代表一组有价值的可标准化烛光。这使我们能够扩展距离阶梯，提出了一份校准光度距离高达 $z=5$ 的新目录。
英文摘要：
Current data on baryon acoustic oscillations and Supernovae of Type Ia cover up to $z\sim 2.5$. These observations play a very important role in the determination of cosmological parameters and have been widely used to constrain the $Λ$CDM and models beyond it. To extend the investigation to higher $z$, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) stand out as one of the most promising observables since can probe the universe up to $z\sim9.4$. The use of GRB correlations is still a challenge due to the spread in their intrinsic properties. In this work, we propose an innovative and cosmology-independent method of calibration of the so-called 3D Dainotti correlation. We employ state-of-the-art data on Cosmic Chronometers (CCH) at $z\lesssim2$ and use the Gaussian Processes reconstruction tool. To match the CCH redshift range, we select 20 long GRBs in $0.553\leq z\leq1.96$ from the Platinum sample, which consists of well-defined GRB plateau properties that obey the fundamental plane relation. We verify that the choice of priors on the parameters of the Dainotti relation and the modelling of CCH uncertainties and covariance have negligible impact on our results. We also consider the case in which the redshift evolution of the physical features of the plane is accounted for. We find that the use of CCH allows us to identify a sub-sample of GRBs that adhere even more closely to the fundamental plane relation, with an intrinsic scatter of $σ_{int}=0.20^{+0.03}_{-0.05}$ when evolutionary effects are considered. In an epoch in which we strive to reduce uncertainties on the GRB correlations variables to tighten constraints on cosmological parameters, we have found a novel model-independent approach to pinpoint a sub-sample that can thus represent a valuable set of standardizable candles. This allows us to extend the distance ladder presenting a new catalogue of calibrated luminosity distances up to $z=5$.
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