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arXiv 2402.12440astro-ph.GA
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近邻宇宙中矮星系的形态构成

The morphological mix of dwarf galaxies in the nearby Universe

Ilin Lazar, Sugata Kaviraj, Aaron E. Watkins, Garreth Martin, Brian Bichang'a, Ryan A. Jackson

AI总结:

本文基于COSMOS场257个近邻矮星系的深场目视分类,量化早型、晚型与无特征形态比例,并揭示相互作用、长期演化及重子反馈对其形成的作用。

摘要:

我们利用COSMOS场中z < 0.08、由257个矮星系(10^8 MSun < Mstar < 10^9.5 MSun)组成的完整且无偏样本,研究低密度环境中矮星系族群的形态构成。对极深光学图像及其unsharp-masked(反锐化掩模)对应图像的目视检查揭示出三个主要的矮星系形态类别。43%和45%的矮星系分别呈现传统的“早型”(椭圆/S0)和“晚型”(旋涡)形态。然而,10%属于“无特征”类别,既缺乏早型星系中可见的中心光聚集,也没有任何旋涡结构——该类别在大质量星系区间中缺失。早型、晚型和无特征矮星系中分别有14%、27%和19%显示出相互作用的证据,这些相互作用驱动了矮星系族群中约20%的整体恒星形成活动。与其大质量对应体相比,矮早型星系的相互作用发生率低得多,聚集程度显著更低,并且具有与矮晚型星系相似的静止系颜色。这表明矮早型星系与大质量早型星系的形成历史不同:矮早型星系受相互作用塑造较少,而更多受长期过程影响。COSMOS场在z < 0.08处缺乏大型星系群或星系团,而且我们的矮星系形态类别显示出相似的局域密度,这表明低密度环境中的无特征矮星系是通过内部重子反馈而非环境过程形成的。最后,尽管可以使用不对称参数识别相互作用中的矮星系,但很难用“CAS”、M20和Gini系数等传统形态参数干净地区分早型和晚型矮星系(这与大质量星系区间不同)。

英文摘要:

We use a complete, unbiased sample of 257 dwarf (10^8 MSun < Mstar < 10^9.5 MSun) galaxies at z < 0.08, in the COSMOS field, to study the morphological mix of the dwarf population in low-density environments. Visual inspection of extremely deep optical images and their unsharp-masked counterparts reveals three principal dwarf morphological classes. 43 and 45 per cent of dwarfs exhibit the traditional `early-type' (elliptical/S0) and `late-type' (spiral) morphologies respectively. However, 10 per cent populate a `featureless' class, that lacks both the central light concentration seen in early-types and any spiral structure - this class is missing in the massive-galaxy regime. 14, 27 and 19 per cent of early-type, late-type and featureless dwarfs respectively show evidence for interactions, which drive around 20 per cent of the overall star formation activity in the dwarf population. Compared to their massive counterparts, dwarf early-types show a much lower incidence of interactions, are significantly less concentrated and share similar rest-frame colours as dwarf late-types. This suggests that the formation histories of dwarf and massive early-types are different, with dwarf early-types being shaped less by interactions and more by secular processes. The lack of large groups or clusters in COSMOS at z < 0.08, and the fact that our dwarf morphological classes show similar local density, suggests that featureless dwarfs in low-density environments are created via internal baryonic feedback, rather than by environmental processes. Finally, while interacting dwarfs can be identified using the asymmetry parameter, it is challenging to cleanly separate early and late-type dwarfs using traditional morphological parameters, such as `CAS', M20 and the Gini coefficient (unlike in the massive-galaxy regime).

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