具备赫兹级分辨率与超识别能力的矢量光谱仪
Vector spectrometer with Hertz-level resolution and super-recognition capability
AI总结：
本研究提出结合宽带光学跳频、超精细微波光子扫描与矢量检测的超高分辨率矢量光谱仪，实现2Hz分辨率、33nm工作范围，提升重叠谱线分离能力，填补了10kHz以下分辨率光学光谱仪的空白。
摘要：
高分辨率光学光谱仪在揭示信号的复杂特性、测定激光频率、测量物理常数、物质识别以及推动生物传感应用发展方面至关重要。然而，传统光谱仪通常面临光谱分辨率、波长范围和精度之间固有权衡的难题。此外，即便具备高分辨率，在光谱分析中分辨重叠谱线仍是一项巨大挑战。\n本文提出了一种兼具超高分辨率的矢量光谱仪，该光谱仪结合了宽带光学跳频、超精细微波光子扫描与矢量检测技术。研究团队研发了一款可编程跳频激光器，其实现了亚赫兹级线宽和赫兹级频率稳定性，与现有最先进的可调谐激光器相比，两项指标分别提升了4个和6个数量级。同时，团队设计了非对称光学发射端与接收端，以消除由调制非线性和多通道串扰导致的测量误差。\n最终研制的矢量光谱仪在33纳米的波长范围内实现了2赫兹的前所未有的频率分辨率，较现有最先进水平提升了4个数量级。通过高分辨率矢量分析，研究发现群延迟信息可将重叠谱线的分离能力提升47%以上，极大简化了多种物质的实时识别流程。该技术填补了分辨率低于10千赫兹的光学光谱仪领域的空白，也推动矢量测量迎来功能上的革新。
英文摘要：
High-resolution optical spectrometers are crucial in revealing intricate characteristics of signals, determining laser frequencies, measuring physical constants, identifying substances, and advancing biosensing applications. Conventional spectrometers, however, often grapple with inherent trade-offs among spectral resolution, wavelength range, and accuracy. Furthermore, even at high resolution, resolving overlapping spectral lines during spectroscopic analyses remains a huge challenge. Here, we propose a vector spectrometer with ultrahigh resolution, combining broadband optical frequency hopping, ultrafine microwave-photonic scanning, and vector detection. A programmable frequency-hopping laser was developed, facilitating a sub-Hz linewidth and Hz-level frequency stability, an improvement of four and six orders of magnitude, respectively, compared to those of state-of-the-art tunable lasers. We also designed an asymmetric optical transmitter and receiver to eliminate measurement errors arising from modulation nonlinearity and multi-channel crosstalk. The resultant vector spectrometer exhibits an unprecedented frequency resolution of 2 Hz, surpassing the state-of-the-art by four orders of magnitude, over a 33-nm range. Through high-resolution vector analysis, we observed that group delay information enhances the separation capability of overlapping spectral lines by over 47%, significantly streamlining the real-time identification of diverse substances. Our technique fills the gap in optical spectrometers with resolutions below 10 kHz and enables vector measurement to embrace revolution in functionality.
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